75-07-0

75-07-0 - Names and Identifiers

Name	Acetaldehyde
Synonyms	Ethanal Acetaldeyd Acetaldehyd Acetaldeyde Acetacdehyde Acetaldehyde Ethyl aldehyde Acetic Aldehyde FORMALIN, CARSONS acetaldehyde(ethanal) FORMALDEHYDE, BUFFERED FORMALDEHYDE, CARSON-MILLON FORMALDE-FRESH SOLUTION, BUFFERED
CAS	75-07-0
EINECS	200-836-8
InChI	InChI=1/C2H4O/c1-2-3/h2H,1H3
InChIKey	IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

75-07-0 - Physico-chemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C2H4O
Molar Mass	44.05
Density	0.785 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point	-125 °C (lit.)
Boling Point	21 °C (lit.)
Flash Point	133°F
JECFA Number	80
Water Solubility	> 500 g/L (20 ºC)
Solubility	alcohols: soluble
Vapor Presure	52 mm Hg ( 37 °C)
Vapor Density	1.03 (vs air)
Appearance	solution
Specific Gravity	0.823 (20/4℃) (?90% Soln.)
Color	White to off-white
Odor	Pungent, fruity odor detectable at 0.0068 to 1000 ppm (mean = 0.067 ppm)
Exposure Limit	TLV-TWA 180 mg/m3 (100 ppm) (ACGIH),360 mg/m3 (200 ppm) (NIOSH); STEL270 mg/m3 (150 ppm); IDLH 10,000 ppm.
Merck	14,39
BRN	505984
pKa	13.57(at 25℃)
PH	5 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Storage Condition	2-8°C
Stability	Stable, but air sensitive. Substances to be avoided include strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, reducing agents, alkalies, halogens, halogen oxides. Highly flammable. Vapour/air mixtures explosive
Sensitive	Air Sensitive
Explosive Limit	4-57%(V)
Refractive Index	n20/D 1.377
Physical and Chemical Properties	Colorless, flammable, volatile, easy to flow of liquid, spicy and pungent odor. melting point -123.5 ℃ boiling point 20.16 ℃ relative density 0.7780 refractive index 1.3311 flash point -38 ℃ solubility in water, ethanol, diethyl ether, benzene, gasoline, toluene, xylene and acetone are miscible.
Use	Mainly used for the preparation of acetic acid, acetic anhydride, butyl aldehyde, octanol, pentaerythritol, triacetaldehyde and other important chemical raw materials

75-07-0 - Risk and Safety

Risk Codes	R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R34 - Causes burns R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R43 - May cause sensitization by skin contact R36/37 - Irritating to eyes and respiratory system. R12 - Extremely Flammable R67 - Vapors may cause drowsiness and dizziness R11 - Highly Flammable R41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes R22 - Harmful if swallowed R10 - Flammable R19 - May form explosive peroxides
Safety Description	S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S33 - Take precautionary measures against static discharges. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
UN IDs	UN 1198 3/PG 3
WGK Germany	2
RTECS	LP8925000
FLUKA BRAND F CODES	10
TSCA	Yes
HS Code	29121200
Hazard Class	3
Packing Group	I
Toxicity	LD50 orally in rats: 1930 mg/kg (Smyth)

75-07-0 - Upstream Downstream Industry

Raw Materials	Nitrogen Hydrochloric acid Oxygen Ethyl Alcohol Ethylene
Downstream Products	Pentaerythritol Acetic acid Monomethyl β-methylglutarate Methylthio acetaldoxime 2-Methylimidazole Methomyl 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetraoxacyclooctane 2,4-Hexadienoic acid 2-Methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol

75-07-0 - Nature

Open Data Verified Data

colorless, flammable, volatile, easy to flow of liquid, spicy and pungent odor. The relative density (do) was 0. 7780. Melting Point -123.5 °c. Boiling point 20. 16 °c. Flash point (closed Cup)- 38 °c. Specific heat capacity (25 °c) 1.41J/(g-°c). Refractive index 3311. Miscible with water, ethanol, ether, benzene, gasoline, toluene, xylene and acetone. The vapor forms an explosive mixture with air, with an explosion limit of 4.0 to 55.0 Vol%. The critical temperature is 181.5 ℃ and the critical pressure is 6.40MPa.

Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35

75-07-0 - Preparation Method

Open Data Verified Data

direct oxidation of ethylene ethylene and oxygen crude acetaldehyde is synthesized by direct oxidation in one step through a catalyst containing palladium chloride, copper chloride, hydrochloric acid and water, and then distilled to obtain a finished product.
ethanol oxidation of ethanol vapor at 300~480 deg C, silver, copper or silver-copper alloy mesh or particle as a catalyst, from air oxidative dehydrogenation to acetaldehyde.
acetylene direct hydration method acetaldehyde is obtained by direct hydration of acetylene and water under the action of mercury catalyst or non-mercury catalyst. Due to the problem of mercury damage, it has been gradually replaced by other methods.
ethanol dehydrogenation method acetaldehyde is produced by dehydrogenation of ethanol under the action of a copper catalyst added with cobalt, chromium, zinc or other compounds.

Last Update：2022-01-01 10:16:18

75-07-0 - Use

Open Data Verified Data

One of the important organic synthesis raw materials, mainly used in the production of acetic acid, acetic anhydride, 2 ethyl hexanol, butanol, pentaerythritol, polyacetaldehyde and trichloroacetaldehyde, and other chemical products.

Last Update：2022-01-01 10:16:18

75-07-0 - Safety

Open Data Verified Data

acetaldehyde is a flammable and toxic liquid. It has a stimulating effect on the eyes, skin and respiratory organs. Mild poisoning can cause asthma, Cough and Head Pain and other symptoms, severe cases can cause Pneumonia and meningitis. Long-term exposure can cause a decrease in red blood cells and an increase in blood pressure. Mice were fed with LD50 1232mg/kg. The maximum allowable concentration in the air of the operation site is 200 × 10-6. Operators must wear labor protection equipment.
Storage in aluminum storage tanks. Dilute acetaldehyde can be packaged in an iron drum. It is transported by car or tank car, and can be transported by pipeline in the factory. According to the provisions of flammable and toxic chemicals storage and transportation.

Last Update：2022-01-01 10:16:19

75-07-0 - Reference Information

FEMA	2003 \| ACETALDEHYDE
olfactory Threshold	0.0015ppm
Henry's Law Constant	7.69 at 25 °C (Snider and Dawson, 1985:Benkelberg et al., 1995)
NIST chemical information	information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link)
(IARC) carcinogen classification	2B (Vol. 36, Sup 7, 71) 1999, 1 (Vol. 100E) 2012
EPA chemical substance information	information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link)
preparation method	There are a variety of methods for the preparation of acetaldehyde: in the coal chemical industry, the hydration method of calcium carbide is commonly used to generate acetylene, the acetylene and water in the mercury catalyst or non-mercury catalyst under the action of direct hydration of acetaldehyde; Can also be agricultural products based on the first fermentation of ethanol, and then make the oxidation or dehydrogenation and made; with the development of petrochemical industry, with ethylene as raw material, let oxygen through the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution containing palladium chloride, copper chloride catalyst, One-Step Direct oxidation synthesis of acetaldehyde; Also through the liquefied petroleum gas and light oil (naphtha) the oxidation of acetaldehyde.
harm to human body	acetaldehyde can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion, it can slightly irritate the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system. Acetaldehyde is a first-grade carcinogen that harms the body and can accumulate to cause cancer and other diseases.
content analysis	take 0.5mol/L hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution 65ml and 0.5mol/L triethanolamine solution 50.0ml, put into a heat-resistant and pressure-resistant bottle that can be safely fixed and has good sealing property. A slow flow of nitrogen gas was fed through a glass tube slightly above the liquid level at the outlet end for 2min to expel the air from the bottle. Accurately weigh about 600mg of the sample, seal it in an ampoule, and put it in the mixed solution in the pressure bottle. A few short glass rods of about 8mm in diameter were added, stoppers were capped and shaken strongly to break the ampoule. The bottles were then shaken at room temperature from time to time and reacted for 30min. Remove the plug after cooling if necessary, and take care to avoid the loss of the contents. Then titrated with 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid to a bluish Blue end point. Blank titration was performed at the same time. Each 0.5mol/L sulfuric acid solution is equivalent to 22.03mg of acetaldehyde (C2H4O).
toxicity	GRAS(FEMA;FDA,§ 182.60,2000). LD501930mg/kg (rat, oral).
usage limit	FEMA(mg/kg): Soft drink 3.9; Cold drink 25; Candy 22; Baked goods 12; pudding 6.8; Gum 20~270.
Applications	mainly used in the preparation of acetic acid, acetic anhydride, ethyl acetate, butanol, pentaerythritol, triacetaldehyde, 3-hydroxybutyraldehyde, chloral and other products GB 2760-1996 provides temporary use of edible spices. Mainly used for the preparation of citrus, Apple, cream and other types of flavor. The largest user of acetaldehyde is the acetic acid industry. In the past, butanol and octanol were also important derivatives of acetaldehyde, and now they are basically replaced by propylene carbonyl synthesis. Other areas of acetaldehyde consumption are the production of pentaerythritol, peracetic acid, pyridine and its derivatives. Domestic production of acetaldehyde is basically used as an intermediate for the production of acetic acid, only a small amount of pentaerythritol, butanol, trichloroacetaldehyde, trimethylolpropane and other products. Acetaldehyde can be used to produce acetal, crotonaldehyde, peroxyacetic acid, hydroxypropionitrile, trichloroacetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, pentaerythritol, acetic anhydride, acetic acid, glyoxal, phenylacrolein, acetal, methylethylamine, diethylamine, α-alanine, pyridine, Α-picoline, β-picoline, γ-picoline. mainly used for the preparation of acetic acid, acetic anhydride, butyraldehyde, octanol, pentaerythritol, triacetaldehyde and other important chemical raw materials used as reducing agent and bactericide
production method	acetaldehyde has a variety of production methods: 1. Direct oxidation of ethylene ethylene and oxygen through the catalyst containing palladium chloride, copper chloride, hydrochloric acid and water, one-step direct oxidation synthesis of crude acetaldehyde, and then distilled to get the finished product. 2. Ethanol oxidation of ethanol vapor at 300-480 deg C, silver, copper or silver-copper alloy mesh or particle as a catalyst, from air oxidative dehydrogenation of acetaldehyde. Direct hydration of acetylene acetaldehyde was obtained by direct hydration of acetylene and water with mercury catalyst or non-mercury catalyst. Due to the problem of mercury damage, it has been gradually replaced by other methods. Ethanol dehydrogenation method acetaldehyde is produced by dehydrogenation of ethanol under the action of copper catalyst with addition of cobalt, chromium, zinc or other compounds. Oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons. Raw material consumption quota: acetylene water method consumes 99% acetylene per ton of product; Ethanol oxidation consumes 95% ethanol 1200kg; Ethylene oxidation (one-step method) consumes 99% ethylene 710kg, oxygen (99%)300. Commercially available industrial acetaldehyde, ethylene acetaldehyde purity of 99.7%, ethanol purity of 98%. results from the oxidation of ethylene. Obtained by Gas-Phase Hydrogenation of ethanol. Obtained from the simultaneous dry distillation of calcium acetate and calcium formate. Derived from the addition reaction of acetylene and water.
category	flammable liquid
toxicity grade	poisoning
Acute toxicity	oral-rat LD50: 661 mg/kg; Subcutaneous-mouse LD50: 560 mg/kg
stimulation data	Skin-rabbit 500 mg mild; Eye-rabbit 40 mg severe
explosive hazard characteristics	explosive when mixed with air
flammability hazard characteristics	in case of open flame, high temperature, flammable oxidant; Combustion stimulus smoke
storage and transportation characteristics	The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; Stored separately from oxidants and acids
extinguishing agent	dry powder, dry sand, dry stone powder, carbon dioxide, foam
Occupational Standard	TWA 120 mg/m3; Tel 180 mg/m3
spontaneous combustion temperature	185°C
toxic substance data	information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link)
immediate life-and health-threatening concentrations	2,000 ppm