Extract of ginger root
Ginger extract
CAS: 84696-15-1
Molecular Formula: C21H34O4
Extract of ginger root - Names and Identifiers
Extract of ginger root - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C21H34O4 |
| Molar Mass | 350.492 |
| Density | 0.878-0.878g/cm3 at 20℃ |
| Boling Point | 229.5-229.9℃ at 101.3kPa |
| Flash Point | 76℃ |
| Vapor Presure | 83-85hPa at 20℃ |
| Storage Condition | Room Temprature |
| Refractive Index | n20/D1.527 |
Extract of ginger root - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | Xn - Harmful |
| Risk Codes | R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R65 - Harmful: May cause lung damage if swallowed |
| Safety Description | S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S62 - If swallowed, do not induce vomitting; seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. |
| WGK Germany | 2 |
Extract of ginger root - Reference Information
| Plant Source: | ginger |
| FEMA | 2521 | GINGER EXTRACT (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSC.) |
| plant extract | ginger extract is the fresh rhizome extract of Zingiberaceae ginger, gingerol, myrcene, α-curcumene, methylheptenone, etc. Gingerol is mainly composed of ginger oil, is a yellow oily liquid, spicy and bitter taste, gingerol can be decomposed into ginger ketene, Ginger ketone, Ginger terpene ketone and other mixtures. It has the functions of relieving cold, relieving vomiting and relieving cough by warming up. Commonly used in cold, stomach cold Vomit, cold sputum Cough. |
| extracted from | is the fresh rhizome of Zingiber officinale. Ginger is about 80 species in the world and about 14 species in China. Also known as fire Ginger, ginger. Ginger, plant height 0.5~1m. The rhizomes are hypertrophic, multi-branched, with aromatic and pungent flavor. Leaf blade, 15-2.5 in length, 2-in width, hairless, sessile; Ligule, membranous, 2-4mm in length. Peduncle total 25cm in length; Spike-like, coccoid, 4-5cm in length; Bract-ovoid, about 2.5 in length, pale green or yellowish in margin, with small cusp at the apex; Calyx tube about 1cm in length; the central lobe of the labial lobe was rounded, obovoid, shorter than the lobes of the Crown, with purple stripes and light yellow spots, lateral lobes ovoid, about 6mm in length; Stamens dark purple, anthers about 9mm in length; Appendages of drug septum drill-like, about 7mm in length. Flowering period in autumn. Habitat and distribution in Central, Southeast and Southwest provinces of China is widely cultivated. Cultivation is also common in Asia. Figure 1 ginger |
| Chemical composition | ginger contains 0.25% ~ 3.0% of volatile oil, the main components are Zingiberol, Zingiberene, phellones, camphenes, Citral, Linalool, methylheptenone, nonanal, d-borneol (d-Borneol), etc. The aromatic components of the volatile oil of ginger are α-terpineol, citral-a and-B, β-sesquipholene, Arcurcumene, Nerolidol. And Sesquiphellandrol, etc. It is also reported that there are 72 kinds of volatile components in ginger, including terpenes, sesquiterpenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters, mainly including 21.8% of ginger, 9.4% of Geraniol, 9.9%, β- Bisabolene 7.9%, cineole (1,8-Cinol) 6.2%, terpineol (α-terpineol) 5.6%, borneol 5.4%, etc. The main components of the volatile oil of ginger were different due to the factors such as the place of origin. Spicy ingredients are ginger phenol (I. E., gingerol, gingerol) homologs 6-, 8-, 10-, 12-, and 14- gingerols with methyl gingerol the homologs of methyl-6-, methyl-8-, methyl-10-and methyl-12-gingerols, of which the most important is 6-zingiberol. The content of spicy ingredients in ginger is: 6-ginger phenol 11.88%,8-ginger phenol 1.67%,10-ginger phenol 2.38%, while the content of 6-ginger ketone (I. E. 6-ginger phenol, 6-shogaol) is very small. Ginger phenols are heat-labile components, which are gradually dehydrated during heating and storage to form the corresponding ginger ketones, or the reverse aldehyde alcohol is condensed into ginger oleorones (I. E. Ginger ketones, zingerones) and the corresponding aldehydes. The heat degradation products of ginger phenol are also aldehydes and ketones, such as hexanal, octanal, Decanal, dodecanone, 2-1 1 1 ketone, 2-tridecanone and ginger oil ketone. Ginger also contains ginger diketones, which may be the intermediate products of the synthesis of ginger phenols, such as the Ginger ketones homologs of desmethyhthexahydrocurcumin and hexahydrocurcumin; ginger glycols, such as methyl ginger glycol, Ginger glycol acetate and methyl ginger glycol acetate; The Diterpenoids, galanolactones and (E) -8 β,17-epoxylatore-12-en-15, 16-dialdehyde [(E) -8 β,17-epoxylabd-12-ene-15,16-dial]; Aps, glu and Ser and other amino acids and lipid components. In addition, Ginger still contains gelatinous substances, starch and some rare ingredients. |
| pharmacological effects | 1. Anticancer effect ginger juice can inhibit the growth of cancer cells to a certain extent. Adding ginger extract to some antitumor drugs can reduce the side effects of antitumor drugs. Ginger has inhibitory effect on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. The inhibitory rate of ginger decoction on sarcoma S180 in mice was 82.2%. 2. The role of the cardiovascular system of alcohol extract of ginger anesthesia cat vascular motor center Excitatory effect, and can directly stimulate the heart. The normal population chews ginger 1G (do not swallow), can make the blood pressure increase 1.49/1.87kPa on average, has no significant effect on pulse rate, with gingerol to rats for intravenous injection, the blood pressure of the rats is temporarily reduced, and then increased, and then continued to decline in the three-way change, the pressor effect can be inhibited by the terazoline, and the hypotensive effect can be inhibited by cutting off the vagus nerve. 3. Anti-microbial effect of ginger alcohol extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus Albus, Salmonella Typhi, Shigella sonnei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa have significant inhibitory effect on hepatitis B Virus surface antigen (HBsAg) ginger decoction of Salmonella Typhi, Vibrio cholerae, salmonella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pneumonia cocci have obvious inhibitory effect on Trichophyton, trichomonas vaginalis has a certain inhibitory effect. 4. Antioxidant effect fresh ginger extract 5.56mg/mL has the effect of scavenging superoxide anion radical (O2-·), 2.08mg/mL can significantly inhibit lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate, 11.11mg/mL had a protective effect on O2-· induced depolymerization of hyaluronic acid. On the hydroxyl radical HO · Ginger concentration of 5 μg/kg has a significant scavenging effect, the concentration of 20 μg/kg scavenging rate of 67.8%. The antioxidant effect of fresh ginger is stronger than that of stored ginger, which may be related to aromatic and phenolic compounds, tocopherols and phospholipids. Ginger extract can inhibit DNA damage caused by lipid peroxidation, which may be related to scavenging reactive oxygen species and inhibiting the formation of hydroperoxides and oxidation products. 5. Regulation of central nervous system ginger extract has inhibitory effect on central nervous system. Both 6-gingerol and 6-gingerone can inhibit the spontaneous activity of mice, prolong the sleep time induced by pentobarbital sodium or cyclohexenobarbitone, enhance its hypnotic effect, and resist the convulsion caused by pentylenetetrazol, yeast-induced hypothermia and analgesia in rats, and the effect of Gingerol is stronger than that of alkenone. Ginger oil has similar biological characteristics of 6-zingiberol and the same central inhibitory effect, and a small amount (0.12/kg intraperitoneal injection) is effective. The site of action on the central nervous system is at the level above the spinal cord, and its mechanism may be related to the facilitation process of inhibiting excitatory synapses. Ginger ethanol extract intravenous injection, can make the rabbit skin layer EEG from low amplitude fast wave to high amplitude slow wave. Mice intraperitoneal injection of fresh ginger injection 5 or 10 g/kg, has obvious analgesic effect. 6. The Acetone Extract of ginger antagonizing 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) can inhibit the contraction of isolated ileum of guinea pig induced by 5-HT, and the effective components are 6-, 8-and 10-ginger phenol. Oral intake of 100mg/kg Acetone Extract or 10mg/kg 6-gingerone can inhibit the hypothermia caused by 5-HT, 8-and 10-ginger phenol on 5-HT induced mice Diarrhea also inhibited the role of 6-ginger ketone stronger. galanolactone, a diterpene component contained in Acetone Extract, has a strong anti-5-HT effect and can antagonize the contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum, rat stomach and rabbit thoracic aorta induced by 5-HT. The anti-5-HT effect of galangal lactone in isolated guinea pig ileum (mainly 5-HT3 receptor) was greater than that in rat gastric fundus strips (containing more 5-HT1 receptor) and rabbit aortic strips (mainly containing 5-HT2 receptor). Therefore, it is a 5-HT3 antagonist, which is related to the antiemetic effect of ginger. 7. Effect on digestive system (1) anti-ulcer ginger extract has anti-ulcer effect of hydrochloric acid-ethanol. The rats were fed with ginger Acetone Extract 1000mg/kg, Acetone Extract Ⅲ 30mg/kg, gingerol 100mg/kg or 6-zingiberol 100mg/kg, it had significant inhibitory effect on hydrochloric acid-ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury, and the inhibitory rates were 97.5%, 98.4%, 53.65% and 54.4%, respectively. The active ingredient of ginger against hydrochloric acid-ethanol ulcer is Zingiber, which protects the gastric mucosa. Zingiber flavor component 6-Zingiber phenol on hydrochloric acid-ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage also has a preventive effect. Oral intake of 10% ginger water extract can significantly inhibit hydrochloric acid and stress-induced gastric mucosal injury, if the use of indomethacin to block PG synthesis, the protective effect disappeared, it is suggested that the protective effect may be caused by the stimulation of ginger on the synthesis and release of endogenous PG with cytoprotective effect from gastric mucosa. 0.5 g/kg aqueous extract of ginger can also significantly reduce the gastric mucosal injury induced by anhydrous ethanol and indomethacin in rats, promote the secretion of gastric juice and increase the amount of mucus bound to the gastric wall. In addition, the extract of Zingiber officinale rofuranone 500 mg/kg by gavage can prevent stress ulcer in mice. (2) anti-emetic ginger extract can inhibit Vomit of dogs caused by peripheral emetic copper sulfate. The intake of 30ml 10% ~ 50% ginger juice is also effective, but 30ml 5% ginger juice is ineffective. Ginger showed no effect on Vomit of dogs induced by apomorphine and Vomit of pigeons induced by digitalis. Ginger oleone and a mixture of ginger Ketene also inhibited the emetic effect of copper sulfate with a minimum effective dose of 3mg, whereas ginger phenol and ginger were ineffective. Therefore, it is considered that the active ingredient that exerts an antiemetic effect is a mixture of zingiberone and zingiberenone. (3) to promote the secretion of gastric juice to pylorus ligation rats gavage 10% ginger extract 2ml, the amount of gastric juice secretion, gastric juice total acidity and total acid excretion were significantly increased. The aqueous extract of ginger showed a two-way effect of inhibition and excitation on the gastric acid and gastric juice of dogs, which was inhibited in the first few hours, and then excited for a long time. To the stomach perfusion 25% ginger water extract, or empty stomach to give 0.1, 0.5 or 1g of ginger, have the effect of promoting the secretion of gastric juice. But after 0.1~1G consumption of ginger, pepsin on protein digestion is reduced, the role of lipase enhanced. Pancreatin has a strong digestive ability to starch, protein and fat, while ginger has a significant inhibitory effect on Pancreatin, starch gelatinization and fat digestion were significantly reduced. (4) strengthen gastrointestinal motility ginger extract can act on the sympathetic nerve and vagus nerve system, inhibit gastric function and directly stimulate the role of gastric smooth muscle. 6-ginger ethanol extract intravenous injection, the rabbit in vivo gastric motion amplitude decreased transiently, the isolated rat gastric fundus movement amplitude first excited and then inhibited, the isolated ileum contraction effect. Both gingerol and 6-zingiberol could inhibit the contraction of the stomach, and the former was more effective. Both gingerol and gingerol had a relaxing effect on intestinal smooth muscle. Ginger extract after alkali treatment of the decomposition product of ginger oil ketone gavage also make the rabbit intestine relaxation, decreased peristalsis. Ginger Acetone Extract 75mg/kg, 6-gingerone 2.5mg/kg or 6-, 8-, 10-ginger phenol 5 mg/kg gavage, all of them can promote the advancement of carbon powder in the small intestine of mice, and its effect is similar to that of the two. It has also been reported that 6-gingerone 3.5mg/kg after intravenous injection inhibits carbon powder to promote, 35 mg/kg gavage to promote carbon powder to promote. (5) hepatoprotective and choleretic ginger extract of the spicy components of ginger phenol and alkenone on CCl4 and galactosamine liver injury were inhibited. Ginger oil 0.32 and 0.4/kg by gavage for 2 days has therapeutic effect on ccl4-induced liver injury in rats, and can reduce serum alanine aminotransferase (SGPT); 0.25/kg by gavage for 5 days, it has preventive effect on ccl4-induced liver injury in mice, and can reduce the amount of BSP retention. In addition, 5mL/kg (body weight) of sealed liquid of ginger and honey was given by gavage once a day for 7 days, which was effective for ccl4-induced liver injury in rats, with significantly decreased serum SGPT and SGOT, destruction of hepatic lobules, hepatic steatosis and necrosis were also mild. In addition, it was also effective against 60% ethanol-induced liver injury in rats. The Acetone Extract of ginger 500mg/kg, 6-zingiberol or 10-zingiberol 100mg/kg was injected into the duodenum, which had a strong choleretic effect on rats, but the water extract had no obvious effect. The effect of 6-ginger phenol is stronger than that of 10-ginger phenol, and its strength is similar to that of dehydrocholate. Inhibition of nitrosamine synthesis ginger under simulated gastric juice conditions on the nitrosation reaction was significantly blocked. In the reaction system, the blocking rate of ginger juice to the synthesis of nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) was 75%, the whole ginger juice was 86%, and the ginger juice sediment was 8%. The blocking rate of the synthesis was 83%. Ginger can destroy NO2-·, so that the content of NO2-· in the system is reduced, and the clearance rate of NO2-· In the clear liquid is 86%. The effective components inhibiting the synthesis of nitrosamine in ginger are stable to heat, and still maintain a strong activity after heating in boiling water for a long time. Other effects of alcohol extract of ginger on anesthetic cat vascular motor center and respiratory center Excitatory effect. Intravenous injection of 6-gingerone 0.5mg/kg, the anesthetized rats to produce a brief breath-free, consistent with a transient blood pressure and heart rate slowing time, very fast recovery. Alkenone has obvious antitussive effect on guinea pigs. Intragastric administration of 0.2/kg ginger oil can inhibit allergic bronchospasm and ovalbumin-induced allergic intestinal muscle contraction in guinea pigs, and can antagonize histamine, acetylcholine-induced contractile response in Guinea pig ileum. 6-gingerone can promote the release of some active substances from nerve endings, such as substance P, somatostatin, incretin peptide and vasoactive intestinal peptide. Turmeric oil ketone can promote the release of catecholamines in the adrenal medulla, especially epinephrine. Ginger phenol and alkenone have significant relaxation effect on uterine smooth muscle. |
| preparation method | at present, the methods of extracting ginger oil from ginger mainly include pressing method, Molecular distillation method and supercritical extraction method. (1) Press method the press method is to directly treat the washed ginger by a press mechanical means to obtain ginger oil therein. In addition to the quality of ginger itself, the oil content of ginger obtained by this method is more related to the pretreatment of ginger and the operation of the pressing facility. Moreover, the pressed product can be treated by a precipitation separation method to obtain two different types of products, I .e., supernatant and precipitate. A ginger oil mixture comprising both non-volatile and volatile ginger oil is obtained by pressing. (2) Molecular distillation using Molecular distillation technology can be better in ginger oil terpenoids and ginger phenolic compounds were separated, and the relative content of ginger phenolic compounds can be increased to more than 85%, therefore, Molecular distillation is more suitable for the refining process of ginger essential oil. (3) supercritical CO2 extraction supercritical CO2 extraction can simultaneously obtain volatile and non-volatile ginger oil, supercritical Extraction of ginger essential oil has a more abundant chemical composition, more transparent aroma, more pure flavor, therefore, this method can reduce the decomposition of unstable components in ginger in the separation process, the practical application effect is better than the traditional steam distillation extraction of ginger essential oil, and the residue after extraction is more conducive to comprehensive utilization. |
| Application | add ginger juice to fresh meat, frozen meat and cooked pork fillings, the shelf life can be extended. Ginger juice delayed the rancidity of salted pork, and the antioxidant effect was directly related to the concentration. The ginger extract is sprayed on beef, mutton and chicken, and it is found that the meat products are more popular in the sense and taste, and can prolong the shelf life of these meats. Zhang Heng fresh vegetables with ginger and garlic extract, ginger and garlic extract has a fresh-keeping effect on vegetables, the fresh-keeping effect of ethanol extract is significantly better than that of water extract, which proves that the active ingredients contain water insoluble substances. When the ratio of ginger and garlic fresh Weight (g) to solvent (mL) was 1:60, the fresh-keeping effect of the ginger and garlic absolute ethanol extraction mixture was the best, and the effect was superimposed compared with the single ginger or garlic extract. In the use of ginger extract, the appropriate method should be used according to the characteristics of the object to be added. For example, when used as a food spice or antiseptic, it can be directly diluted with vegetable oil and then added; When used for beer drinks, it can be added directly with a small amount or dissolved in ethanol and then added in an appropriate amount; When used in cosmetics, soap and other daily chemical products, add after dissolving with appropriate co-solvent. |
| Development Trend | ginger as an important spice in people's life, in our country is not only the production, consumption, and the export volume is also in the forefront of the world, but the processing of ginger in China is still in the form of fresh ginger and ginger powder and other primary products, resulting in a great waste of ginger resources. Therefore, it is of great practical value to study the preparation method and properties of ginger oleoresin. Using modern technology to make ginger into oleoresin, not only the quality is much higher than its traditional seasoning form, but also has a broad spectrum of antibacterial effect, and has inhibitory effect on bacteria and fungi, in particular, the inhibitory effect on fungi was significantly stronger than that of potassium sorbate. Therefore, it is expected to reduce or partially replace the amount of chemical synthetic preservatives in future food processing. At the same time it is a dose of multi-purpose, but also to simplify the processing technology, with economic rationality, broad application prospects. |
| safety toxicology analysis | safety factor of fresh ginger injection for intravenous injection in mice, the dose for clinical adults (2ml per intramuscular injection) 625 times more, no local irritation, hemolysis test negative. The LD50 of ginger oil to mice was 1.23/kg by intraperitoneal injection and 3.45/kg by gavage. Before death, the animals died of acute poisoning, with decreased activity, muscle relaxation, lying still, neck and abdomen touching the bottom of the cage, and finally died of respiratory paralysis. LD50 of ginger phenol on mice, intravenous injection of 50.9mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection of 109mg/kg, gavage 687mg/kg. The LD50 of the mice was injected with 255mg/kg, 59.1mg/kg, and 250mg/kg. Male mice daily intake of 95% ethanol extract mg/kg for 3 months, the animal's appearance, internal organs, blood and body weight were no obvious toxicity. |
| sexual taste and efficacy | sexual taste: Xin, Wen. Indications: Cold-dispelling, mild and moderate anti-vomiting. For cold, Cough, stomach cold Vomit. |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:32:08
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View History
Extract of ginger root
Hydrofluoric acid, compd. with hydrogen (1:1) (9CI)
L-2-氨基-4-戊烯酸
SRI-37330 HYDROCHLORIDE; SRI37330 HYDROCHLORIDE; SRI 37330 HYDROCHLORIDE; SRI-37330 HCL; SRI37330 HCL; SRI 37330 HCL;
5-羟基-4-甲氧基-2-硝基苯甲酸乙酯
N-[芴甲氧羰基]-N-[(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)甲基]甘氨酸
2-甲基-4-苯-1H-咪唑
3-叔丁氧基-羰基乙基锌溴 0.5M THF
2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基吡啶
2-羟基-4-三氟甲基-5-嘧啶甲酸甲酯(带1分子结晶水)
Hydrofluoric acid, compd. with hydrogen (1:1) (9CI)
L-2-氨基-4-戊烯酸
SRI-37330 HYDROCHLORIDE; SRI37330 HYDROCHLORIDE; SRI 37330 HYDROCHLORIDE; SRI-37330 HCL; SRI37330 HCL; SRI 37330 HCL;
5-羟基-4-甲氧基-2-硝基苯甲酸乙酯
N-[芴甲氧羰基]-N-[(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)甲基]甘氨酸
2-甲基-4-苯-1H-咪唑
3-叔丁氧基-羰基乙基锌溴 0.5M THF
2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基吡啶
2-羟基-4-三氟甲基-5-嘧啶甲酸甲酯(带1分子结晶水)