Molecular Formula | C42H70O11 |
Molar Mass | 751 |
Density | 1.18±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted) |
Melting Point | 112.5-113.5°C(lit.) |
Boling Point | 839.2±65.0 °C(Predicted) |
Specific Rotation(α) | D25 -63° (c = 1 in ethanol) |
Flash Point | >110°(230°F) |
Water Solubility | Soluble in methanol. Insoluble in water |
Vapor Presure | 1.04E-32mmHg at 25°C |
Appearance | White solid |
Merck | 13,8415 |
pKa | 6.4 (DMF) |
Storage Condition | Sealed in dry,2-8°C |
Stability | Stable, but may be heat sensitive - keep cool. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. |
Physical and Chemical Properties | Melting point 112.5-113.5°C |
Use | For anti-coccidiosis agent, for chicken coccidiosis and promote the growth of livestock and poultry |
In vitro study | Salinomycin is a kind of Polyether ionophore antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces albus, which interferes with drug transporter ABC(ATP binding site), Wnt/β-catenin and other CSC signaling pathways, in many different human cancers, cancer stem cells are killed. Salinomycin has antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. In addition, salinomycin plays a role in different biological membranes, including cell membrane, mitochondrial membrane, it has a strong selectivity for alkali metal ions and a preference for K, so it can promote the outflow of K in mitochondria and cytoplasm and inhibit oxidative phosphorylation. Salinomycin is able to induce massive apoptosis in human cancer cell lines of different origins. |
In vivo study | Salinomycin is able to effectively eliminate cancer stem cells, thereby inducing partial clinical regression of pretreated and drug-resistant cancers. It is also a positive ionic and chronotropic reagent, which can increase cardiac output, left ventricular systolic pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, filling artery vasodilation and blood flow after treatment, plasma catecholamine concentrations. The results of these experiments were carried out in cross-bred dogs with oral, inhaled injections of 150 μg/kg salinomycin as a model. However, in mammals such as horses, cats, pigs and alpacas, salinomycin has been reported to have considerable toxic effects in the case of occasional oral or inhalation intake. Risk assessment data indicate that the acceptable daily intake of salinomycin in humans is 5 μg/kg, and daily intake exceeding 500 μg/kg will cause neurotoxicity in dogs, such as myelin loss, axonal degeneration. Intravenous administration of 200-250 μg/kg of salinomycin for three weeks (every other day) results in partial regression of tumor metastases, with only very minor acute, long-term side effects, using traditional chemotherapeutic drug treatment routes, there are no serious acute long-term side effects. |
Risk Codes | R25 - Toxic if swallowed R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. |
Safety Description | S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
UN IDs | UN 3462 6.1/PG 2 |
WGK Germany | 3 |
RTECS | VO8620000 |
FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 10 |
Hazard Class | 6.1(a) |
Packing Group | II |
Toxicity | LD50 in mice (mg/kg): 18 i.p.; 50 orally (Miyazaki) |
white or pale yellow crystalline j-residue, slightly specific odor, melting point 140~142 ℃. Soluble in acetone, chloroform, benzene, acetic acid, ether and methanol, almost insoluble in water.
produced by fermentation of Streptomyces albicans.
1mg | 5mg | 10mg | |
---|---|---|---|
1 mM | 1.332 ml | 6.658 ml | 13.316 ml |
5 mM | 0.266 ml | 1.332 ml | 2.663 ml |
10 mM | 0.133 ml | 0.666 ml | 1.332 ml |
5 mM | 0.027 ml | 0.133 ml | 0.266 ml |
safe and effective anti-coccidiosis drugs, the majority of gram-positive bacteria have inhibitory effect on chicken tender eicycosis, poison eicycosis, giant eicycosis, both Ehrlich coccidiosis and coccidia harvoi are effective. In the role of antibiotics at the same time, the pig, cattle, sheep and the use of fattening. For chicken feed. The dosage is 50~60g/t, the egg production period is disabled, and the withdrawal period is 5d. Horse animals are not to be used, and will be fatal after use. It is prohibited to use together with tyramine and cardamomycin.
Antibiotic | Salinomycin, also known as Yousujing, is a polyether antibiotic extracted from the culture solution of Streptomyces white. It is an ionophore type antibiotic and generally exists in the form of salinomycin sodium salt, also known as salinomycin sodium salt. Its sodium salt is white or light yellow crystalline powder, with a slight odor, stable properties, and insoluble in water, easily soluble in acetone, benzene and methanol. Salinomycin is an effective, broad-spectrum, low-resistance and low-residue antibiotic, which is a broad-spectrum anticoccidial drug. It has significant bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects on gram-positive bacteria, fungi, protozoa, coccidia, etc. Salinomycin has obvious effects on chicken pile type, Brinell, giant, displacement, poison, tender and other Eimeria coccidia, and its anti-coccidia activity is roughly similar to that of monensin and Changshanone. The feed containing 60 mg/kg of this product has disease prevention performance and weight gain efficiency roughly equal to 100 mg/kg of monensin. The immunosuppressive intensity of salinomycin at high concentration (80mg/kg) was the same as that of monensin. And has obvious growth promotion effect on pigs, but due to the narrow safety range, the application is limited. The peak period of anti-coccidial activity is in the early schizont stage of the first generation (I. e., the first to second days of infection), and the rate of resistance of coccidia is slow. The anti-coccidial mechanism is generally believed that in developing insects, the drug can combine with sodium and potassium ions to form a complex, which affects the transport of potassium ions to the coccidia mitochondria, so that certain mitochondrial functions of the coccidia include the oxidation of the substrate and the hydrolysis of ATP. Caused by inhibition. The coccidia are not easy to cause drug resistance. High concentration (120ppm) can inhibit host immunity. But after stopping the drug, you can quickly gain immunity. Therefore, broilers should be applied continuously. The effect on rabbit coccidia is better than sulfaquinoxaline. It is forbidden to combine with tylosin and nutomycin. In addition, it has a growth-promoting effect on cattle, and can also be used for pig blood dysentery caused by porcine spirochete. the test on pigs showed that piglets less than 4 months old were fed with 30~60mg/kg of medicine and piglets aged 4~6 months were fed with 15~30mg/kg of medicine, which obviously improved feed reward and promoted growth. It is reported that adding 25~50mg/kg salinomycin to the pig complete feed can reduce the weaning weight loss of sows, increase the weaning weight of piglets, reduce the mortality of piglets, and improve the growth rate of growing and finishing pigs and the function of feed compensation. However, salinomycin has no obvious effect on piglets under 20 days of age, so salinomycin additives do not need to be used in the feed of newborn piglets. |
precautions | the safety range of this product is narrow, and the dosage should be strictly controlled when using this product. When using this product for too long or for more than 100 mg per kilogram of feed, it can inhibit the body's immunity to coccidia and produce toxic effects. It is forbidden to use it in combination with other coccidiotics, horse animals and laying hens are forbidden, and broilers are closed for 5 days; this product premix has many specifications, so pay attention to the conversion dose when applying it. The toxicity of salinomycin is stronger than that of monensin. The feed concentration of 80mg/kg will reduce the intake of chickens and affect the weight gain. In addition, the premix of this product has many specifications, and the medication must be accurately measured according to the active ingredients to prevent accidents. A large dose (80mg/kg) of salinomycin makes the host have a certain inhibitory effect on the immunity of coccidia. Laying hens are disabled. Drug withdrawal period, poultry 5 days. Horses and equine animals are extremely sensitive to salinomycin and should be avoided; adult turkeys and ducks are also sensitive and should not be used. |
methyl salinomycin | [properties] white or light yellow crystalline powder, soluble in ethanol, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, benzene, chloroform, ethyl acetate, insoluble in water. [Function and use] The anti-coccidia effect of methylsalinomycin is roughly the same as salinomycin. Methylsalinomycin has obvious differences in the preventive effect of broiler pile type, brucell, giant and poisonous Eimeria. Usually 40mg/kg of medicinal material concentration, that is, it has a good effect on the heap type and giant Eimel coccidia; poisoning Eimel coccidia requires a concentration of 60mg/kg of medicinal material to be effective, while Brinell Eimel requires 80mg/kg of drug concentration to exert its efficacy. [usage and dosage] mixed feeding: 60~80g of broiler per ton of feed. [precautions] horses and equine animals are extremely sensitive to methylsalinomycin and should be banned. Turkey and other birds are also more sensitive and unsuitable for use. This product is limited to broilers. Drug withdrawal period, broiler 5 days. |
biological activity | Salinomycin (Coxistac, Bio-cox, Procoxacin), once used as an anti-coccidial drug, has anti-cancer and anti-tumor stem cell effects. |
Target | Value |
use | is an anti-coccidiosis agent for chicken coccidiosis and promotion of livestock and poultry growth |
toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |