Molecular Formula | C8H8O4 |
Molar Mass | 168.15 |
Density | 1.468±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted) |
Melting Point | 110 °C |
Boling Point | 362.5±35.0 °C(Predicted) |
Flash Point | 167.017°C |
Solubility | Methanol |
Vapor Presure | 0mmHg at 25°C |
Appearance | White crystalline powder |
Color | White to Off-White |
Storage Condition | Hygroscopic, Room Temperature, Under inert atmosphere |
Stability | Hygroscopic, Moisture Sensitive |
Refractive Index | 1.55 |
MDL | MFCD00213361 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | Norcantharidin is colorless crystalline powder, odorless, slightly irritating. Slightly soluble in water and ethanol, soluble in acetone. |
Use | Used as an antineoplastic agent |
WGK Germany | 3 |
RTECS | RN8400000 |
Reference Show more | 1. Gui Yu [1,2], Hu Rongfeng [1,2,3,4], Wang Bin [1], et al. Preparation and stability of solid self-microemulsion of norcantharidin [J]. Journal of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2017, 36(002):P.76-79. 2. [IF = 1.448] Baoxiang Chen et al.. "Exp Ther Med. 2019 Nov;18(5):3751-3758 |
EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
function indications | norcantharidin is a synthetic cantharidin derivative, which has the effect of improving the respiratory control rate and lysosomal enzyme activity of cancer cells, interfering with the division of cancer cells, inhibiting its DNA synthesis, and acting on the M phase of the cell cycle. This product is mainly distributed in liver, intestine, kidney, heart, lung, salivary gland, thyroid and other tissues after absorption. Clinically, it is mainly used to treat primary liver cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric and cardiac cancer, and leukopenia; it is also used in combination with chemotherapy to treat various tumors, which can antagonize the bone marrow suppression of other anti-cancer drugs and improve the efficacy. It can also be used for the treatment of hepatitis B. According to clinical reports in recent years, cantharidin, cantharidin or hydroxycantharidin have significant effects in the treatment of primary liver cancer, viral hepatitis, rhinitis, tracheitis, etc., but cantharidin is highly toxic. It can make the skin red, tingling, or blister, so internal and external use should be cautious. In recent years, sodium cantharidin, hydroxycantharidin, methyl cantharidin and norcantharidin have been developed to reduce toxicity. Clinical research results show that the anti-liver cancer effect from cantharidin to norcantharidin is enhanced in turn, while the adverse reactions of urinary system are just the opposite. Since the raw materials used for semi-synthetic derivatives still rely on the resources of wild cantharidins, the search for resource animals is very important. There are 29 species of insects in the family Geniaceae in my country, many of which contain cantharidin. For example, the green lady (Geniaceae) is a Lyttacaraganae Pallas insect of the family Geniaceae, containing cantharidin up to 1% ~ 2%. |
cantharidin | cantharidin is a semi-terpene toxin. it is an effective ingredient obtained from the insect cantharidin (cantharidin and cantharidin in the south of Chinese pharmacopoeia) and can now be artificially synthesized. Cantharidin can destroy or inhibit the morphology and proliferation of liver cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and other cell lines. It can improve the respiratory control rate and lysosomal enzyme activity of cancer cells, interfere with the division of cancer cells, and inhibit their DNA synthesis. It has no inhibitory effect on bone marrow cells and can increase white blood cells. This product can enhance immune function and has antiviral and antibacterial effects. It is clinically used for liver cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric and cardiac cancer, and leukopenia. It can also be used as preoperative medication or combined chemotherapy. Combined with other chemotherapy drugs can improve curative effect and reduce side effects. It is also effective for the treatment of hepatitis B. cantharidin has a large adverse reaction and is easy to cause poisoning. After long-term research and experiments, people have synthesized some derivatives or analogs of cantharidin, such as norcantharidin, sodium cantharidin and hydroxycantharidin to replace cantharidin. Experiments show that their pharmacological effects are similar, but the toxicity is much less. |
pharmacological action | norcantharidin can destroy or inhibit the morphology and proliferation of liver cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and other cell lines, improve the respiratory control rate of cancer cells and lysosomal enzyme activity, interfere with the division of cancer cells and inhibit their DNA synthesis. It has no inhibitory effect on bone marrow cells and can increase white blood cells. After absorption, there are higher drug concentrations in liver, kidney, stomach, intestine and cancer tissues. After administration of 15min in the liver, cancer tissue reached a peak concentration, 6h after the concentration gradually decreased, 24h most of the excretion by the kidney, the body accumulation of little. |
mechanism of action | cantharidin anti-tumor drugs mainly include cantharidin, methyl cantharidin, norcantharidin and hydroxycantharidin. Cantharidin is extracted from the dried worms of the southern cantharidins and yellow-black cantharidins of the coleoptera, and the artificial synthesis is difficult. Norcantharidin is a new synthetic anti-tumor drug created in China. Norcantharidin has obvious effects of inhibiting the formation of cancer cells and prolonging life. It has a certain inhibitory effect on the protein synthesis, RNA and DNA synthesis of cancer cells, which destroys the skeleton (microfilaments, microtubules) of cancer cells, Affect its ultrastructure, cause damage to mitochondria, microvilli and plasma membrane. It has little effect on normal cells, can antagonize bone marrow suppression and increase white blood cells. It is a cell cycle specific drug, which mainly acts on M phase and affects cycle operation. This class of drugs can also achieve anti-cancer effects by enhancing the body's immune capacity. norcantharidin is effective for a variety of experimental animal tumors and has a wide anti-tumor spectrum. |
precautions | 1. adverse reactions are rare, but nausea, vomiting and other symptoms may occur when the oral dose is too large, and the reduction or symptomatic treatment can disappear. 2. Injection overflow can stimulate tissue and cause inflammation. |
use | as an antineoplastic drug |