trimethylamine
Trimethylamine
CAS: 75-50-3
Molecular Formula: C3H9N
trimethylamine - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Trimethylamine |
| Synonyms | Trimethylamine Trimethylamine anhydrous trimethylamine 2M in THF TriMethylaMine, 2.0 M solution in THF, SpcSeal TriMethylaMine, 2.0 M solution in ethanol, SpcSeal |
| CAS | 75-50-3 |
| EINECS | 200-875-0 |
| InChI | InChI=1S/C3H9N/c1-4(2)3/h1-3H3 |
| InChIKey | GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
trimethylamine - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C3H9N |
| Molar Mass | 59.11 |
| Density | 0.63 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.) |
| Melting Point | -117 °C (lit.) |
| Boling Point | 3-4 °C (lit.) |
| Flash Point | 38°F |
| JECFA Number | 1610 |
| Water Solubility | Soluble In Water, 8.9e+005 mg/L. |
| Solubility | very soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, chloroform maximum allowable concentration: TLV 10 p.p.m. (24 mg/m3) and STEL of 15 p.p.m. (36 mg/m3) (ACGIH 1986) |
| Vapor Presure | 430 mm Hg ( 25 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 2.09 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Liquid |
| Color | Colorless |
| Odor | smelling like rotting fish, rotting eggs, garbage, or urine. |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 50 ppm; STEL 100 ppm (Skin)OSHA: TWA 200 ppm(590 mg/m3)NIOSH: IDLH 2000 ppm; TWA 200 ppm(590 mg/m3); STEL 250 ppm(735 mg/m3) |
| Merck | 14,9710 |
| BRN | 956566 |
| pKa | pKb (25°): 4.13 |
| PH | a strong base (pH 9.8) |
| Storage Condition | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with a wide variety of materials, including bases, acids, oxidizing agents, brass, zinc, magnesium, aluminium, mercury, mercury oxides, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides. Hygroscopi |
| Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
| Explosive Limit | 11.6% |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.357 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Anhydrous is a colorless liquefied gas, with the smell of fish and ammonia. |
| Use | For pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals and Organic synthesis |
trimethylamine - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R34 - Causes burns R20/22 - Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. R12 - Extremely Flammable R41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes R37/38 - Irritating to respiratory system and skin. R20 - Harmful by inhalation R11 - Highly Flammable |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S29 - Do not empty into drains. S39 - Wear eye / face protection. S3 - Keep in a cool place. |
| UN IDs | UN 2924 3/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | YH2700000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 3-10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29211100 |
| Hazard Class | 3 |
| Packing Group | II |
trimethylamine - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Nitrogen Ammonia Methyl alcohol Methyl alcohol Ammonia |
trimethylamine - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
The anhydrous substance of this product is colorless liquefied gas. There is a fishy ammonia odor. Soluble in water, ethanol and ether. Easy to burn, the vapor and air to form an explosive mixture, the explosion limit of 2%~ 11.6%. Spontaneous ignition point 190. Relative density (d20) 0.632. Freezing point -117.1 °c. Boiling point 2.9 °c. Flash point (closed Cup)-6.67 °c. The critical temperature is 161. The heat of combustion was 2357kJ/mol. The critical pressure was 4.154kPa. Refractive index 3449. The boiling point of a 40% aqueous solution of trimethylamine is 26.0 °c. Flash 30% industrial trimethylamine aqueous solution HGlT 1999 point -17. 78 °c. Relative density (d45'5) 0.827. Vapor pressure (20 °c) 52. 662kPa.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
trimethylamine - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
The crude mixed methylamine was prepared by the reaction of methanol and ammonia (1:2.5) at high temperature (420 ℃) and high pressure (4900kPa) with activated alumina as catalyst, trimethylamine was obtained by fractionation.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:34:53
trimethylamine - Application
Open Data Verified Data
This product is used as disinfectant, alarm agent of natural gas, analytical reagent and raw material of organic synthesis. Also used as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, photographic materials, rubber additives, explosives, chemical fiber solvents, surfactants and dyes of raw materials.
Last Update：2025-08-19 16:24:40
trimethylamine - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
- This product is toxic. For animals: LD50 19mg/L for inhalation of trimethylamine. According to the change of the state of the central nervous system in rats, if the action time is 4 hours, the toxic effect threshold of trimethylamine is 0. 025mg/L. Human: olfactory threshold concentration 0.002mg/L. A concentrated aqueous solution of trimethylamine can cause a severe burning sensation and flushing of the skin. After washing away the solution, punctate bleeding remained on the skin and pain was still felt in a short time. The maximum allowable concentration of trimethylamine in the workplace is 5mg/m3. Should wear protective equipment during operation, pay attention to safety. Equipment requirements are stringent. Good local and overall ventilation. Workers who produce and use trimethylamine should undergo regular medical examinations.
- anhydrous trimethylamine is shipped in a tank car or in a high-pressure vessel. 30% aqueous solution of trimethylamine with tank car, iron drum. Water and air mixed to form an explosive mixture, meet Mars, high heat combustion explosion risk. To be stored in a cool and ventilated warehouse, storage temperature should not exceed 30 ℃. Should be away from the fire, heat sources, to prevent direct sunlight. Should be stored separately from the acid materials. Handling should be light unloading, to prevent cylinder collision.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:34:54
trimethylamine - Reference Information
| FEMA | 3241 | TRIMETHYLAMINE |
| olfactory Threshold | 0.000032ppm |
| freezing point | -117.1 ℃ |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| organic chemical raw materials | trimethylamine is an important organic chemical raw materials, mainly used for organic synthesis, surfactants, pesticides, production of choline and choline chloride, condensation polymerization catalysts, gas odorants, ion exchange resin raw materials, etc., and used for the determination of methoxy and ethoxy reagents. Trimethylamine is a temporary allowed use of edible spices in China GB2760-1996. Industrial specifications have ≥ 30% trimethylamine aqueous solution for sale. For the manufacture of plant growth inhibitor chlormequat [ClCH2CH2N(CH3)3Cl] and hepatoprotective drug choline [HOCH2CH2N(CH3)3OH-] and so on. As an aid in the quaternization of ion exchange resins. trimethylamine has active chemical properties and can react with acid to form salt; It can be oxidized by hydrogen peroxide to generate trimethylamine oxide; It can also be oxidized by nitric acid; It can react with epoxide to generate quaternary ammonium salt; this product does not react with sulfonyl chloride, and methylamine and dimethylamine can react with sulfonyl chloride, Using this feature to separate the three; Under alkaline conditions with nitrogen oxides (N2O3, N2O4 and NO) reaction, the formation of nitrosamines. This product is toxic, stimulate the skin, eyes and mucous membranes, after inhalation, cause Head Pain, Nausea, severe spasms, long-term contact with the skin, causing tissue necrosis. Rat oral LD50100 mg/kg. The maximum allowable concentration in the workplace is 24mg/m3. |
| Basic | trimethylamine is a medium-strong base that reacts sharply with Mercury and an oxidizing agent. It is a nitrogen-containing base, which is easy to obtain a proton to form a trimethylamine positive ion. |
| preparation method | trimethylamine can be prepared by reacting paraformaldehyde with ammonium chloride in the laboratory, it can also be prepared by reacting formaldehyde with formic acid in ammonia. A 5L three-necked flask was charged with a reflux condenser and a thermometer, and fully shaken 500g (9.35mol) of ammonium chloride and 1330G (14.8mol) of trimethanone were placed in the flask. Heat on the oil bath, when the mixture begins to liquefy, release carbon dioxide, immediately stop heating: If the reaction is too heavy, remove the oil bath, and let the reaction continue without heating, until the gas evolution is not too severe, re-heating is gradually raised to about 160 ° C., and the temperature is maintained until no carbon dioxide is released, which takes about 2.5 to 3.5 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reflux was changed to a distillation apparatus, and a separating funnel was installed. A tube was connected to the lower mouth of the condenser, inserted into the bottom of the receiver containing 1000g of solvent, and a tube was led out from the receiver plug, insert a 150g solvent (water or ethanol) at the bottom of the two bottles, the other one of the two bottles for the final outlet (If the solvent is anhydrous ethanol, you need to install the calcium chloride drying tube at the outlet). 1100g of sodium hydroxide was dissolved in 2L of water, slightly cooled, dropped through a separatory funnel into the reaction mixture, and the Amine was distilled off and passed through a condenser into a two-stage receiver bottle containing water or ethanol. When the dropwise addition is started, it should be particularly slow. After the partial reaction mixture is decomposed, the rate of dropping alkali can be accelerated until the sodium hydroxide solution is completely dropped, the reaction mixture was heated for an additional 10-15 minutes to drive out the remaining trimethylamine. The reaction time is 3 -4 hours. The resulting solution is a trimethylamine solution. The yield was about 80-90%. |
| assay | The assay was performed by gas chromatography (GT-10-4) using a polar column in an appropriate solvent. |
| toxicity | LD5019mg/L (inhalation). |
| usage limit | FEMA(mg/kg): 0.10. |
| Use | GB 2760-1996 specifies temporary use of flavorants. used as disinfectant, alarm agent of natural gas, analytical reagent and organic synthetic raw materials, also used in medicine, pesticide, photographic materials, rubber additives, explosives, chemical fiber solvents, raw materials for surfactants and dyes. trimethylamine can be used as analytical reagents and in organic synthesis, determination of methoxy and ethoxy; Also used in the manufacture of pesticides, also used as disinfectants. |
| production method | with methanol and ammonia (1:2.5) at high temperature (420 ℃), high pressure (4900kPa) the reaction is carried out using activated alumina as a catalyst, and the crude mixed methylamine obtained is fractionated to obtain trimethylamine. A small amount of production can be used as a raw material for formaldehyde. During the production, ammonium chloride was put into the reaction pan, and formaldehyde was added dropwise on one side of the reaction pan, and the distillate was collected until the temperature rose to 148 ° C., which was the end point of the methylation reaction. Out, trimethylamine hydrochloride ([593-81-7]) was obtained. Distilled formaldehyde solution for standby use. Trimethylamine hydrochloride was heated to 80 °c by mixing with sodium hydroxide solution to free trimethylamine gas. The crude product is obtained by reacting methanol and ammonia (1:2.5) at a high temperature (420 ° C.) and a high pressure (4900kPa) using activated alumina as a catalyst, and is fractionated. |
| category | hazardous gas |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | inhalation-rat LCL0: 3500 PPM/4 H; Inhalation-mouse LC50:19000 mg/m3 |
| explosive hazard characteristics | open flame mixed with air, thermal explosion |
| flammability hazard characteristics | in case of fire, high temperature, oxidant flammable; toxic NOx smoke from combustion |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; Stored separately from oxidants and acids |
| fire extinguishing agent | water mist, carbon dioxide, foam, dry powder |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 24 mg/m3 |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 374 ° F. |
| DOT Classification | 2.1 (Flammable gas) |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 02:00:04
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Raw Materials for trimethylamine