methane
Methane
CAS: 74-82-8
Molecular Formula: CH4
methane - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Methane |
| Synonyms | CH4 Methan Biogas Methane carbane firedamp Fire damp methane,compressed methane,refrigeratedliquid(cryogenicliquid) |
| CAS | 74-82-8 |
| EINECS | 200-812-7 |
methane - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | CH4 |
| Molar Mass | 16.04 |
| Density | 0.716g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | −183°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | −161°C(lit.) |
| Flash Point | -188 ºC |
| Water Solubility | 24.4mg/L(25 ºC) |
| Vapor Presure | 0.55 (vs air) |
| Vapor Density | 0.55 (vs air) |
| Appearance | gas |
| Merck | 13,5979 |
| BRN | 1718732 |
| pKa | 48(at 25℃) |
| Stability | Stable. Extremely flammable - note low flash point; mixtures with air constitute an explosion hazard. Reacts violently with interhalogens. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, halogens, |
| Explosive Limit | 15% |
| Refractive Index | 1.0004 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Colorless and odorless gas.Slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol, ether. |
| Use | Methane is an important fuel and an important chemical raw material. Natural gas, which is mainly composed of methane, has a long history as a high quality gas fuel, and its calorific value is 882.0kJ/mol. Natural gas has been exploited on a large scale to become the third energy source in the world. LNG calorific value than aviation kerosene 15%, used in cars, speed boats and supersonic aircraft, not only can support high speed. And fuel-saving. In addition to being used as fuel, it is widely used in the synthesis of ammonia, urea and carbon black, and can also be used in the production of methanol, hydrogen, acetylene, ethylene, formaldehyde, carbon disulfide, nitromethane, hydrocyanic acid and 1, 4-butanediol. Methane chlorination can be obtained two, two, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. |
methane - Risk and Safety
| Hazard Symbols | F+ - Highly flammable |
| Risk Codes | 12 - Extremely Flammable |
| Safety Description | S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S33 - Take precautionary measures against static discharges. |
| UN IDs | UN 1971 2.1 |
| WGK Germany | - |
| RTECS | PA1490000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 4.5-31 |
| Hazard Class | 2.1 |
methane - Reference Information
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | methane, with the chemical formula CH4, is the simplest organic matter. The methane molecule has a tetrahedral structure, and the bond lengths of the four bonds are the same, and the bond angles are equal. Methane in the standard state is a colorless, odorless gas. Because of its high flammability, methane is usually used as a fuel (the main component of natural gas and biogas) for our daily life. And methane can also be used as a chemical raw material, widely used in the production of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, acetylene and formaldehyde. |
| preparation method | bacterial decomposition method the organic matter is put into the biogas digester to control the temperature and humidity, and the methanogens multiply rapidly, the organic matter is decomposed into methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, etc., in which Methane accounts for 60%-70%. Low-cost methane can be produced by extracting methane through low-temperature liquefaction. Synthesis of carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the catalyst, methane and oxygen, and then purified. CO2 +2H2 = CH4 + O2 the carbon vapor is directly reacted with hydrogen, and high purity methane can also be obtained. Laboratory method anhydrous sodium acetate (CH3COONa) and soda lime (NaOH and CaO as desiccant) reaction equation: CH3COONa + NaOH = Na2CO3 + CH4 collection: drainage method characteristics and considerations: 1, anhydrous sodium acetate must be used to react with dry soda lime to produce methane. If sodium acetate crystals or lime are not dried, methane gas can hardly be produced. 2, the experimental operation of the note and the collection method and the oxygen is exactly the same. |
| Application | is mainly used for the conversion of hydrogen, ammonia, methanol and organic synthesis of raw gas, also used for the production of halogenated methane, nitromethane, carbon black, carbon disulfide, etc. there are dry gas and moisture, dry gas can be used as fuel or for the production of synthetic ammonia, carbon black, methanol, etc.; Moisture can be used as cracking raw materials to produce ethylene, propylene and other methane is an important fuel and important chemical raw materials. Natural gas, which is mainly composed of methane, has a long history as a high quality gas fuel, and its calorific value is 882.0kJ/mol. Natural gas has been exploited on a large scale to become the third energy source in the world. LNG calorific value than aviation kerosene 15%, used in cars, speed boats and supersonic aircraft, not only can support high speed. And fuel-saving. In addition to being used as fuel, it is widely used in the synthesis of ammonia, urea and carbon black, and can also be used in the production of methanol, hydrogen, acetylene, ethylene, formaldehyde, carbon disulfide, nitromethane, hydrocyanic acid and 1, 4-butanediol. Methane chlorination can be obtained two, two, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. |
| production method | This product is the simplest organic compound, which is widely distributed in nature, the main components of biogas can be obtained by separation. 1. The separation of natural gas from natural gas contains 80%-99% of methane, and dry natural gas is used after being cleaned; Wet natural gas is used after being cleaned, and light hydrocarbons above ethane are separated by condensation, absorption and adsorption methods before use. 2. Separation of oil from oil field Gas Natural gas is evolved from oil wells during production, wherein dry gas contains 80%-85% of methane; Moisture contains 10% of methane. In the case of pressure and condensation, liquefaction can be used as a chemical feedstock. 3. Separation of each refinery gas from refinery gas containing 20%-50% of methane in the petroleum process. Methane, hydrogen or pure methane can be produced by the separation of ethylene and propylene from petroleum process gases by absorption distillation and condensation distillation. 4. The separation of coke oven gas from coke oven gas contains about 20%-30% of methane and the retort gas contains about 40%-60% of methane. Methane production by cryogenic separation of coke oven gas for hydrogen production. |
| category | hazardous gas |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | inhalation-mouse LC50: 50000 ppm/2 h |
| explosive hazard characteristics | mixture explosive with Air |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammable; Spicy and irritating smoke emitted from fire scene; Asphyxiating |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from the oxidant |
| fire extinguishing agent | water mist, carbon dioxide, foam |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 6700 mg/m3 |
| spontaneous combustion temperature | 998 ° F. |
| DOT Classification | 2.1 (Flammable gas) |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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