Volaton
Phoxim
CAS: 14816-18-3
Molecular Formula: C12H15N2O3PS
Volaton - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Phoxim |
| Synonyms | PHOXIM Phoxim Volaton BAYTHION Baythion BAYTHION(R) Phoxim E.C. Phoxim granule N-diethoxyphosphinothioyloxybenzimidoyl cyanide Benzoyl cyanide-0-(diethoxyphosphinothioyl)oxime Benzoyl cyanide-O-(diethoxyphosphinothioyl)oxime O,O-Diethyl-O-α-Oximinophenyl cyanophosphorothioate O,O-DIETHYL-2-CYANOBENZYLIDENEAMINO-OXOPHOSPHONOTHIOATE O,O-Diethyl O-(alpha-cyanobenzylideneamino)phosphorothioate ALPHA-[[(DIETHOXYPHOS-PHINOTHIOYL)OXY]IMINO]BENZENE-ACETONITRILE 4-Ethoxy-7-phenyl-3,5-dioxa-6-aza-4-phosphaoct-6-ene-8-nitrile 4-sulfide |
| CAS | 14816-18-3 |
| EINECS | 238-887-3 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C12H15N2O3PS/c1-3-15-18(19,16-4-2)17-14-12(10-13)11-8-6-5-7-9-11/h5-9H,3-4H2,1-2H3/b14-12- |
| InChIKey | ATROHALUCMTWTB-WYMLVPIESA-N |
Volaton - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C12H15N2O3PS |
| Molar Mass | 298.3 |
| Density | d420 1.176 |
| Melting Point | 5.55°C |
| Boling Point | bp0.01 102° |
| Flash Point | 173.007°C |
| Water Solubility | 1.5 mg l-1 (20 °C) |
| Vapor Presure | 2.1×10-3 Pa (20 °C) |
| Appearance | liquid |
| Storage Condition | 0-6°C |
| Refractive Index | nD20 1.5405 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Pure product is light yellow oily liquid. m. P. 5~6 °c, B. P. 102 °c/1.333, decomposition. The refractive index n20D1.5405, the relative density 1.176 (20 ° C.), the vapor pressure is about 1.333 × 10-2Pa. Soluble in benzene, toluene, xylene, Alcohols, Ketones and other organic solvents, dichloroethane> 500g/kg, isopropanol> 600g/kg, less soluble in petroleum ether, the solubility in water was 7mg/L at 20 °c. Stable in acidic and neutral medium, alkaline medium hydrolysis faster (pH value 11.6 half-decay period of 170min), high temperature decomposition, light decomposition accelerated. |
| Use | Is a high efficiency and low toxicity of organic phosphorus pesticides, with stomach kill and kill, mainly used for the prevention and control of underground pests |
Volaton - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R22 - Harmful if swallowed R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R62 - Possible risk of impaired fertility R43 - May cause sensitization by skin contact |
| Safety Description | S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S46 - If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. |
| UN IDs | UN 2810 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | MD4740000 |
| HS Code | 29269090 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1(b) |
| Packing Group | III |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in mice: >2000 mg/kg (Vinopal, Fukuto) |
Volaton - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Diethyl chlorothiophosphate Phenylacetonitrile Methyl alcohol Sulfuric acid Chlorine Phosphorus pentasulfide Sodium nitrite Ethyl Alcohol |
Volaton - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Volaton - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
ethyl nitrite was prepared by the reaction of industrial ethanol with sodium nitrite and concentrated hydrochloric acid. Then it reacts with phenylacetonitrile to prepare sodium 2-cyanobenzoxime, and then reacts with trichlorothiophos and ethanol to prepare ethyl chloride to synthesize phoxim crude oil.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
Volaton - Introduction
This standard substance is mainly used for measuring instrument calibration, analytical method evaluation and quality control, as well as the content determination and residue detection of corresponding components in related fields such as food, hygiene, environment and agriculture. It can also be used for value traceability or as a standard liquid reserve solution. It is diluted step by step and configured into various standard solutions for work. 1. Sample Preparation This standard substance is made of pure phoxim with accurate purity and fixed value as raw material, chromatographic methanol as solvent, and accurately configured by weight-volume method. Phoxim, English name: Phoxim,CAS number: 14816-18-3 2. traceability and setting method This standard substance takes the configuration value as the standard value, and uses high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) to compare this batch of standard substances with quality control control samples, and verify the preparation value. By using preparation methods, measurement methods and measuring instruments that meet the requirements of metrological characteristics, the traceability of the value of the standard substance is guaranteed. 3. characteristic measure value and uncertainty (see certificate for details) Number name standard value (ug/mL) Relative expansion uncertainty (%)(k = 2)BW10140 The uncertainty of phoxim 1003 standard value in methanol is mainly composed of raw material purity, weighing, constant volume, uniformity, stability and other uncertainty components. 4. uniformity test and stability inspection According to the JJF1343-2012 [General Principles and Statistical Principles of Standard Substance Setting], random sampling of sub-packed samples is carried out, uniformity test of solution concentration is carried out, and stability inspection is carried out. The results show that the standard material has good uniformity and stability. The standard substance is valid for 18 months from the date of setting the value. The development unit will continue to monitor the stability of the standard substance. If the value changes are found during the validity period, the user will be notified in time. 5. packaging, transportation and storage, use and precautions 1. Packaging: This standard substance is packed in borosilicate glass ampoules, about 1.2 mL/branch. When removing or diluting, the pipette quantity shall prevail. 2. Transportation and storage: ice bags should be transported, and extrusion and collision should be avoided during transportation; storage under freezing (-20 ℃) and dark conditions. 3. Use: Balance at room temperature (20±3 ℃) before unsealing, and shake well. Once the ampoule is opened, it should be used immediately and cannot be used as a standard substance after being fused again.
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:14:03
Volaton - Application
Open Data Verified Data
phoxim has broad insecticidal spectrum and strong knock-down ability, and has the main effect of killing and gastric toxicity, without internal absorption, which is very effective for phosphoptera larvae. In the field due to the instability of light, quickly decomposed, so the inflammation period is short, the residual risk is small, but the drug is applied to the soil, the inflammation period is very long, suitable for the prevention and control of underground pests. It has a good effect on the larvae of a variety of lepidopteran pests that harm peanuts, wheat, rice, cotton, corn, fruit trees, vegetables, Mulberry, tea and other crops, it also has a certain killing effect on insect eggs. It is also suitable for the control of warehouse and sanitary pests.
Last Update：2025-08-19 16:24:40
Volaton - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
mouse oral LD50:>2000mg/kg.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:11:59
Volaton - Reference Information
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| Organophosphorus Insecticide | Phoxim, also known as oxythiophos and pimaril, is a synthetic low-toxic organophosphorus insecticide. It was successfully developed by Bayer Pharmaceutical Company of Germany for the first time. It is stable in neutral and acidic, decomposes quickly in alkaline, has poor stability to light, and decomposes quickly under ultraviolet radiation. It has the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity, broad spectrum, long insecticidal residual period, etc., and has strong contact killing and stomach toxicity effects on pests; the quick killing effect on mosquitoes, flies, lice, and mites is second only to dichlorvos and amine chrysanthemum, Stronger than malathion, fenthion, etc. The toxicity to humans and animals is low, and it is toxic to fish. It is highly toxic to bees and pests, such as Trichogramma and ladybird. The oral LD50 of rats is 1 882~2 066 mg/kg, which is a low-toxic substance. The residual effect of phoxim indoor residual spraying is relatively long, generally up to about 3 months. It is used to treat livestock surface parasitic diseases, such as sheep mites and pig scabies; it kills mosquitoes, flies, bed bugs, cockroaches, etc. in the surrounding environment. It also has a good effect on the larvae of a variety of lepidopteran pests that harm peanuts, wheat, rice, cotton, corn, fruit trees, vegetables, mulberry, tea and other crops. It also has a certain killing effect on insect eggs. It is also used to control rice stem borers, rice leaf curls, rice bracts, armyworms, cotton bollworms, rice planthoppers, cotton aphid, thrips, black-tailed leafhoppers, cutters and other pests. It should be noted that sorghum is sensitive to phoxim and should not be sprayed. Corn field can only use granules to control corn borer, do not spray to control aphids, armyworms, etc. |
| protection and control of tea tree diseases and pests | stable under acidic and neutral conditions, easy to degrade under alkaline conditions, very sensitive to light (especially ultraviolet light), easy to photolysis, phoxim sprayed on the surface of tea leaves has mostly photolysis after 1 day in sunlight, so the residual effect period is very short and is an ideal pesticide for sudden pest control. It should be used as far as possible in the evening or on cloudy days to reduce photolysis and increase the chance of exposure to pests. Phoxim has a strong contact effect and stomach toxicity. It has a special effect on the larvae of lepidopteran leaf-eating pests such as tea geometrid, tung geometrid, spiny moths, and coonfish moths. In addition, it is effective for a variety of shield mealybugs (such as long white mealyzer, Coconut mealyzer, etc.) and wax mealyzer (such as horny mealyzer, turtle beetle), small green leafhoppers, tea aphids, black whitefly also have good effects. For all kinds of tea leaf mites, it can only kill mites and mites, but it is not effective for mite eggs. Therefore, only short-term effect, spraying must be repeated about 3 days after spraying to kill newly hatched young mites. 75~100g of 60% emulsion (1500 times liquid) is used per mu. China has promulgated a standard of 0.5ppm for allowable residues in tea. The safety interval is 3 days on sunny days and 5 days on cloudy days. |
| usage | 1. stem and leaf spray: generally, 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate is 1000~2000 times per mu. Control wheat aphids, wheat leaf bees, cotton aphids, Pieris rapae, thrips, armyworms, aphids on fruit trees, apple leaf curls, pear caterpillars, grape spotted leafhoppers, geometrid, whitefly, tobacco green worms, etc. Spray 50kg of water with 50g (active ingredient) per mu, which can control rice bracts, rice leaf roller, leafhoppers, planthoppers, rice thrips, cotton bollworms, red bollworms, cutworms, leafhoppers, planthoppers, pine caterpillars, etc. Spray 50kg of water with 30~40g (active ingredient) per mu, which can prevent and control inchworms, spiny moths, leeches, mulberry caterpillars, etc. 2. Seed dressing: 100~165ml of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, diluted with 5~7.5kg of water, and 50kg of wheat seed, can effectively control underground pests such as grubs and mole crickets, and has good seedling protection effect, which can be maintained for more than 20 days. Seed dressing can also be used in corn, sorghum, millet, peanuts and other crop seeds. 3.1kg of 50% emulsifiable concentrate and 10kg of slag with a diameter of about 2mm can be used to control underground peanut pests. 5% phoxim poisonous sand can be prepared. when peanut is sown, 2kg per mu can be sprinkled into the sowing ditch. Make the medicine enter the soil surface below 5 ~ 6cm to control grubs, which can protect the whole seedling. When soybean is sown, 2.5kg of poisonous sand per mu and seeds are sown to prevent grubs at the same time. 4. irrigation and heart irrigation with 50% emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times water to control cutworm, 15min after poisoning larvae climb out of the ground. 500 times of 50% emulsifiable concentrate or 2,000 times of emulsifiable concentrate is used to control corn borer, or 1kg of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate is used to mix 15 kg of slag or river sand with a diameter of about 2mm to form 3.3% phoxim poisonous sand. at the end of corn heart leaf, 2.5kg of poisonous sand per mu is applied into the bell mouth to control corn borer with good effect. Root irrigation can be used to control peanut grubs during peanut growth. When the scarab eggs hatch to the first instar of the larvae, with 50% emulsifiable concentrate 1 000~1 500 times liquid irrigation pier, each pier irrigation liquid 50~100ml or pier side ditch application, the effect can be more than 90%. 50% 2000 times of phoxim emulsifiable concentrate to irrigate roots to prevent root maggots in vegetable fields such as leeks, onions, and garlic, and the effect is also very good. |
| toxicity | acute oral LD50 in rats is 2170 mg/kg for males and 1976 mg/kg for females; The acute oral LD50 in mice is 1935 mg/kg for males and 2340 mg/kg for females. Female guinea pigs LD50600mg/kg orally, female cats 250~500 mg/kg, and female rabbits 250~375 mg/kg. Rats with acute percutaneous LD50>1120mg/kg were fed with 150mg/kg for 15 months without poisoning. LC50 for trout and carp is 0.1~1.0mg/L, which is toxic to bees. |
| use | high-efficiency, low-toxicity, broad-spectrum insecticide, mainly contact killing and stomach toxicity, without systemic absorption. It has a good effect on Lepidopteran older larvae and underground pests, as well as warehouse and sanitary pests. It can be used to control underground pests such as grubs, mole crickets, golden leaf insects, cotton aphid, cotton bollworm, wheat aphid, cabbage worm, thrips, armyworm, rice bracts, rice leaf roller, leaf cicada, planthopper, pine caterpillar, corn borer, etc. Generally, 100mL of 50% emulsifiable concentrate is used to control underground pests, 5kg of water is used, 50kg of wheat seed is mixed, and sowing can be carried out for 2~3 hours after mixing. Control other pests with 50% emulsifiable concentrate 1000 or 1500 times spray. It is forbidden to use sorghum, soybeans, and melons. It is used with caution on rice and corn. It is advisable to apply medicine in the evening or at night. It is mainly used to control underground pests, fruit trees, vegetables, mulberry, tea and other pests, mosquitoes and flies and other sanitary pests and storage pests It is mainly used to control underground pests, fruit trees, vegetables, sanitary pests and warehouse pests. It is a high-efficiency and low-toxic organophosphorus insecticide, which has the effects of stomach killing and contact killing. It is mainly used to control underground pests. Phoxim is an organophosphorus insecticide mainly used to control underground pests, it is suitable for the pest control of peanuts, wheat, rice, cotton, corn and other crops in the county, and is also used to control fruit trees, vegetables, mulberry, tea and other pests. It has a good effect on the control of grubs, mole crickets, and golden needle worms. Calibration instruments and devices; evaluation methods; working standards; quality assurance/quality control; others. |
| Production method | Use industrial ethanol to react with sodium nitrite and concentrated hydrochloric acid to prepare ethyl nitrite, and then react with phenylacetonitrile to prepare 2-cyanobenzimoxime sodium, and then react with ethyl chloride to synthesize phoxim crude oil. Ethanol and sodium nitrite are mixed, and hydrochloric acid is added dropwise at 20-40 ℃ to prepare ethyl nitrite. It enters the oxime kettle through the venturi tube and reacts with the ethanol solution of phenylacetonitrile and sodium hydroxide in the kettle to generate sodium 2-cyanobenzene oxime. It is formulated into a 25% aqueous solution and dropped into ethyl chloride at room temperature. After dropping, triethylamine was added and stirred for 30min, and the temperature was raised to 40-50 ℃ to continue the reaction for 1.5h. Phoxim crude oil is obtained by washing, separation and drying. Raw material consumption quota: sodium nitrite (95%)400 kg/t, ethanol (95%)200 kg/t, phenylacetonitrile (96%)500 kg/t, liquid alkali (30%)680 kg/t, hydrochloric acid (30%)680 kg/t, chloride (90%)750 kg/t. the synthesis reaction of phoxim is more delicious in solvents such as acetone, and it is slightly slower in aqueous solution. in industrial production, sodium 2-oxinylphenylacetonitrile is excessively 10%, and the reaction temperature is about 40 ℃. Tianjin Pesticide Factory has studied the catalytic synthesis method using water as solvent. The catalyst used is triethylamine. The operation process is as follows: 373g of 2-oxime phenylacetonitrile sodium aqueous solution with a content of 25% of 0.55mol is added dropwise to 105g of O and O-diethylthiophosphoryl chloride with a content of 90% at room temperature for 30min. After dropping, a little catalyst triethylamine is added, stirred for 30min, heated to 45-50 ℃, and reacted for 1.5h, after washing with water, separating liquid and drying, 156~161g of product was obtained with a content of 87% ~ 92% and a yield of 94% ~ 96%. The intermediate 2-oxime sodium phenylacetonitrile is prepared by the reaction of phenylacetonitrile and ethyl nitrite. The catalyst is alkaline substances such as sodium alcohol, NaOH, lye, etc. If liquid alkali is used as catalyst, the reaction temperature is 35~40 ℃. |
| category | pesticide |
| toxicity classification | poisoning |
| acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50; 300 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 1050 mg/kg |
| flammability hazard characteristics | flammability; combustion produces toxic nitrogen oxides, phosphorus oxides, sulfur oxides, cyanide smog |
| storage and transportation characteristics | ventilation and low temperature drying |
| fire extinguishing agent | dry powder, foam, sand, carbon dioxide, mist water |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:04:16
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Raw Materials for Volaton