PENTANDIAL
Glutaric dialdehyde
CAS: 111-30-8
Molecular Formula: C5H8O2
PENTANDIAL - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Glutaric dialdehyde |
| Synonyms | PENTANDIAL Pentanedial Glutarldehyde Glutaraldehyde 1,5-Pentanedial Glutaric dialdehyde Glutaraldehybe Soution glutaraldehyde grade I Glutaraldehyde Solution BP Glutaraldehyde disinfectant glutaric dialdehyde solution |
| CAS | 111-30-8 |
| EINECS | 203-856-5 |
| InChI | InChI=1/C5H8O2/c6-4-2-1-3-5-7/h4-5H,1-3H2 |
| InChIKey | SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
PENTANDIAL - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C5H8O2 |
| Molar Mass | 100.12 |
| Density | 1.058 g/mL at 20 °C |
| Melting Point | -15 °C |
| Boling Point | 100 °C |
| Flash Point | 100°C |
| Water Solubility | miscible |
| Vapor Presure | 15 mmHg ( 20 °C) |
| Vapor Density | 1.05 (vs air) |
| Appearance | Solution |
| Specific Gravity | 1.06 |
| Color | Clear to slight haze |
| Exposure Limit | Ceiling (ACGIH) 0.8 mg/m3 (0.2 ppm). |
| Merck | 14,4472 |
| BRN | 605390 |
| PH | >3.0 (H2O, 20°C) |
| Storage Condition | Store below +30°C. |
| Refractive Index | n20/D 1.450 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | This product is a slightly irritating odor of colorless or yellowish clear liquid, it is soluble in water and ether, ethanol and other organic solvents. The free form of this product in aqueous solution is not much, a large number of different forms of hydrate, and most of the ring structure of the hydrate form exists. This product is active in nature, easy to polymerize and oxidize, and will react with compounds containing active oxygen and nitrogen-containing compounds. |
| Use | Disinfectant, tanning agent, wood preservative, drug and polymer synthetic raw materials. |
PENTANDIAL - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R42/43 - May cause sensitization by inhalation and skin contact. R34 - Causes burns R23 - Toxic by inhalation R22 - Harmful if swallowed R50 - Very Toxic to aquatic organisms R23/25 - Toxic by inhalation and if swallowed. R41 - Risk of serious damage to eyes R37/38 - Irritating to respiratory system and skin. R20/22 - Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. |
| Safety Description | S23 - Do not breathe vapour. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. |
| UN IDs | UN 2922 8/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | MA2450000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 8-10-23 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29121900 |
| Hazard Class | 8 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LD50 of 25% soln orally in rats: 2.38 ml/kg; by skin penetration in rabbits: 2.56 ml/kg (Smyth) |
PENTANDIAL - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Acrolein |
PENTANDIAL - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
A colorless or yellowish transparent liquid with a pungent special odor. Soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether and other organic solvents. Nature of active, easy polymerization and oxidation, and containing active oxygen compounds and nitrogen-containing compounds will react. Non-flammable, flammable in case of open flame and high heat.
Last Update：2025-06-10 22:55:16
PENTANDIAL - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
The hydrolysis synthesis was carried out by reacting acrolein with vinyl ether. From acrolein and acetic ether with zinc salt as catalyst, at 90 ℃, 0. Under the pressure of lMPa, the ring into 2 a ethoxy group 3,4-= hydrogen pyran, and then by hydrolysis of ring opening, the conversion rate of 95%.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:28:07
PENTANDIAL - Application
Open Data Verified Data
In oilfield chemicals, it can be used as a bactericide for water-based oil well fracturing fluid, a crosslinking agent for cellulose, etc. Glutaraldehyde as a water treatment bactericide can be widely used in the circulating water system sterilization, can effectively control the number of microorganisms in various water systems, can effectively strip the biological slime and biofilm, the input amount is generally 50 to lOOmg/L. It has the advantages of quaternary ammonium salt series bactericide, no foaming, easy to use, good compatibility with corrosion inhibitor. In actual use, glutaraldehyde is often used in combination with other drugs such as quaternary ammonium salts.
Last Update：2025-08-19 16:24:40
PENTANDIAL - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
25% aqueous solution rat oral LD50:2. 38mL/kg; Rabbit percutaneous LD50:2.56mL/kg. On the respiratory tract mucosa, eyes and skin irritation, but much smaller than formaldehyde, glyoxal, room temperature vapor can tolerate, often deal with glutaraldehyde solution, it is best to wear rubber gloves and protective glasses, avoid direct human contact.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:28:08
PENTANDIAL - Reference Information
| NIST chemical information | information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| Introduction | glutaraldehyde is an important binary aldehyde of saturated straight chain Fat cluster, although there are many reports about the toxicity of glutaraldehyde, however, the cross-linking of Glutaraldehyde has many advantages and has been accepted in clinical applications. Although glutaraldehyde is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry and biomedical field, its toxicity, irritation and environmental pollution can not be ignored. |
| Application | glutaraldehyde is widely used in industry, widely used in petrochemical industry, paper making, metal processing, oil field water injection and other fields, glutaraldehyde is also an intermediate of organic synthesis, tanning agent in leather industry, protein crosslinking agent. |
| synthesis methods | at present, the synthesis methods of glutaraldehyde mainly include pyridine method, pentanediol oxidation method, reduction method, Pyran method and cyclopentene oxidation method, pyridine method is based on metal sodium and methanol reduction of dihydropyridine and then by hydroxylamine hydrochloride ring-opening system of glutaraldehyde, after the decomposition of glutaraldehyde from sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid, this method has long process route, large consumption, large pollution, high cost is not suitable for production; Pentanediol oxidation, the reaction oxidation depth is not easy to control, and glutaraldehyde is easy to oxidize, resulting in the presence of low product yield, high cost to determine; Cyclopentene oxidation, acid-catalyzed oxidation of cyclopentadiene with hydrogen peroxide shows great potential with the study of heterogeneous catalysts. However, there are still some shortcomings such as less application times of catalysts and lower conversion rate of glutaraldehyde, temporarily unable to meet the requirements of industrialization; Pyran method, using acetylene and fatty alcohol to prepare vinyl ether, then vinyl ether and acrolein reaction synthesis of 2-alkoxy -3.4-dihydropyran, and then hydrolyzed to glutaraldehyde. Pyran method is relatively mature, mild reaction conditions, simple operation, good product quality, High yield, less environmental pollution, suitable for industrial production. |
| Non-coagulated fixative | glutaraldehyde can be linked to the amino group and peptide bond of protein molecule; it is the most commonly used non-solidifying fixative. The activity of enzymes and proteins may be partially maintained. The fixation capacity is stronger than that of formaldehyde. Commonly used for the fixation of electron microscopy; Prepared with buffer. |
| identification test | preparation of 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent sulfuric acid 4 m1 was added to 0.8g 2, to 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, 6ml of water was then added dropwise while shaking. After the whole was dissolved, 20ml of ethanol was added, mixed, filtered, and the filtrate was used as a reagent. 20ml of 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent was taken by Operation, 0.4ml of sample was added, and the mixture was shaken and allowed to stand for 5min. The precipitate was collected on a filter paper and rinsed thoroughly with ethanol. The precipitate was dissolved in 20ml of hot dichloroethylene, filtered, and the filtrate was cooled in an ice bath until crystallization occurred. The precipitate was collected on a filter paper. The precipitate was redissolved with 30ml of acetone and refluxed, filtered and the filtrate cooled in an ice bath until crystallization occurred. The precipitate was collected on a filter paper and the resulting 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone had a melting point between 185 and 195 °c. |
| content analysis | preparation of 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, after dissolving with water, the mixture was mixed at constant volume. Preparation of 0.5mol/L triethanolamine solution 65ml(74g) of 98% triethanolamine was placed in a 1L volumetric flask, diluted with water, and then mixed. The procedure neutralized the hydrazine hydrochloride solution (Sufficient amount for analysis of blank and sample) to a pH of 3.60. Titrations were carried out with triethanolamine solution using a suitable titrator (note: The same stirring speed was maintained throughout neutralization and analysis). Add 65.0ml of neutralized hydrochloric acid solution to each of the two titration cups, and install a Teflon-coated stirrer on each cup, 30.8 of neutralized triethanolamine solution was added to each titration Cup, capped and stirred. With a weighed pipette, a certain amount of sample, approximately equal to 300mg of glutaraldehyde, was drawn up and added to a cup. After thorough mixing, the sample solution and blank solution were maintained at room temperature for at least 60min, but not more than 90min. The sample and blank were titrated to pH 0.5 with 3.60 mol/L hydrochloric acid, and the end-point potential difference was determined. Calculate the mass percentage of glutaraldehyde in the sample according to the following formula: glutaraldehyde (%) =[c(B-A)(0.05006)/W]100 where B and A- are the volume of hydrochloric acid consumed by blank and sample solution, ml, respectively; c-concentration of hydrochloric acid, mol/L;0.05006-molar mass of glutaraldehyde, g;W--? Sample Mass, g. |
| toxicity | ld50820 rag/kg (rat, oral). On the mucosa, skin irritation. |
| usage limit | GB 2760-96: fruits and vegetables fresh-keeping 0.05g/k, residue ≤ 5 mg/kg. |
| Use | in combination with Chromium tanning of cattle, pig, sheep garment leather, glove leather. It is suitable to be sealed and protected from light at low temperature (below 0 ℃). This product has a strong irritation to the eyes and skin, should wear glasses, gloves and other protective equipment. Can not be mixed with phenolic containing plant tanning agents and synthetic tanning agents. glutaraldehyde is used in Disinfection, pharmacy, tanning, as a hard film for electron microscopy and color picture tubes. This product is used for the production of the central excitatory medicine, the alkali of the wild stalk. Glutaraldehyde is a rapid-acting, broad-spectrum chemical disinfectant, at room temperature, low concentration of glutaraldehyde aqueous solution can show activity on many microorganisms, on the reproductive type of bacteria, Virus, Mycobacterium, pathogenic mold and bacterial spores have a high degree of sterilization effect, and low toxicity to people, it is said that the use of formaldehyde in the beginning of this century, 30's use of chemical sterilization disinfectants such as ethylene oxide, glutaraldehyde is the third milestone. From World Health Organization (WHO) to Virus, the third product was deposited as a disinfectant for hepatitis B. In the known aldehyde, glutaraldehyde is a kind of best protein crosslinking agent, cross-linking is characterized by high activity, fast reaction, high binding amount, product stability, boiling water, acid, the enzyme resistance is strong, so the leather tanned with glutaraldehyde has excellent sweat resistance, heat resistance, soaping resistance and other properties. fixative for microscopic examination disinfectant, tanning agent, wood preservative, medicine and polymer synthetic materials, etc. glutaraldehyde is a low toxicity chemical antiseptic fungicide, which can be used for the preservation of vegetables and fruits in China. The maximum usage amount is 0.05g/kg, and the residual amount is not more than 5 mg/kg. This product is used as Disinfection fungicide and protein crosslinking agent, Widely used in oil exploitation, health care, biochemistry, leather processing tanning agent; For the synthesis of a variety of synthetic organic reagents, the preparation of heterocyclic compounds; Can also be used in food hygiene, plastics, coatings, adhesives, fuel, spices, textile, printing, photography and other industries; Can be used as a film agent for the picture tube. glutaraldehyde is the most important saturated linear aliphatic binary aldehyde after glyoxal. Glutaraldehyde is known as the third generation of chemical sterilants, but also an excellent tanning agent, protein cross-linking agent, efficient disinfectant, biological enzymes and cell tissue curing agent. Widely used in medicine, health, petrochemical, light industry sector and scientific research. It has a good effect on the fine structure of nucleus and cell cytoplasm. It is the most commonly used standard glutaraldehyde fixative and is mainly used for the fixation of electron microscope specimens. Fixed nucleic acid, polysaccharide material is not applicable. It has a good effect on the fine structure of nucleus and cytoplasm, and is mainly used for the fixation of electron microscope specimens. It has a good effect on the fine structure of nucleus and cytoplasm, and is mainly used for the fixation of electron microscope specimens. Fixed nucleic acid, polysaccharide material is not applicable. |
| production method | vinyl ether and acrolein were added into the reaction kettle, cooled to 5 °c, zinc bromide was added, closed stirring, and slowly heated, and in 48~53 degrees Celsius under the heat preservation 3H. After cooling to 25 "E: the layers are separated by washing with water, the organic layer is distilled, and a fraction of 80-82 °c (10.67kPa), I .e., 2-ethoxy-3, 4-dihydropyran, the yield was 66%. Water, hydrochloric acid and the above intermediate were added to the hydrolysis Pan, stirred and hydrolyzed for 1h, allowed to stand for 0.5 h to obtain glutaraldehyde solution, and ethanol was distilled to obtain 25% aqueous solution. After neutralization with sodium bicarbonate and saturation with salt, the mixture was extracted twice with diethyl ether. After the ether was recovered from the extract, the extract was distilled under reduced pressure, and a fraction at 75 to 8L ° C. (2.0kPa) was collected to obtain a final product. From acrolein and vinyl ether ring into 2-ethoxy-3, 4-dihydropyran added to the reaction pot, closed stirring for 1H, standing for half an hour, that is glutaraldehyde solution, ethanol was distilled off to give a 25% solution. Alternatively, sodium bicarbonate is added for neutralization, saturated with salt, and then extracted twice with diethyl ether. After the diethyl ether is recovered, it is distilled under reduced pressure, and a fraction of 75-81 ° C. (2kPa) is collected to obtain a pure product. In addition, pyridine was reduced to dihydropyridine, which was then treated with hydroxylamine to give a Glutaric acid oxime, which was finally reacted with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid to give glutaraldehyde. The conversion rate of the method can reach 90%. add water, concentrated hydrochloric acid and 2-ethoxy-3, 4-dihydropyran into the reaction pot, seal and stir for 1h, and let stand for 0.5h to obtain glutaraldehyde solution, the ethanol was distilled off to give a 25% solution of glutaraldehyde. |
| category | toxic substances |
| toxicity grade | high toxicity |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 134 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 100 mg/kg |
| stimulation data | eyes-severe at 0.25 mg/24 h in rabbits; skin-rabbit 2 mg/24 h severe |
| flammability hazard characteristics | The aqueous solution is not flammable; The gas released by thermal decomposition is flammable; fire emitted spicy and stimulating smoke |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; It is stored separately from oxidants and food additives |
| fire extinguishing agent | foam, carbon dioxide, sand |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 0.8 mg/m3; Tel 1.2 mg/m3 |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 21:11:58
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Raw Materials for PENTANDIAL