κ-Carrageenanκ-Carrageenan
MedChemExpress (MCE)
HY-138962
11114-20-8
K-Carrageenan Karra Type
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
Room temperature in continental US
may vary elsewhere.
κ-Carrageenan is a natural polymer which predominantly available in red seaweeds. κ-Carrageenan is an effective agent carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. κ-carrageenan serves as a potential inflammatory agent that magnifies existing intestinal inflammation.
κ-Car- Curcumin (Cur) (0-500 μg/mL
24-72 hours) effectively involves in cancer cell growth inhibition at lower concentrations of 40 μg/mL[1].The cytotoxicity of the Cur loaded κ-Car has a significantly high apoptotic activity in selected lung cancer cells of A549[1].κ-Carrageenan (1-60 μg/mL
0.5-24 hours) enhances LPS-induced IL-8 secretion in HT-29 cells[2].
κ-Carrageenan can be used in animal modeling to create paw edema, colitis, and thrombosis models. κ-Carrageenan has oral activity
after oral administration, its concentration in BALB/c mice peaks at 3 hours, with an average residence time of 36.6 hours and a clearance rate of 0.1 L/h/kg. Most of the κ-Carrageenan is excreted via feces, while 9.2% is excreted through urine, indicating rapid absorption, slow elimination, and prolonged retention in the body. Additionally, κ-Carrageenan accumulates in the liver and kidneys. After 14 days of oral administration of κ-Carrageenan, hepatocyte necrosis, renal tubular vacuolation, and incomplete colonic epithelial cells are observed. Four hours after intraperitoneal injection of κ-Carrageenan, minor infarcts and erythema appear at the tips of rat tails, with infarct length increasing in a time-dependent manner and stabilizing 24 hours post-injection. Twenty-four hours is determined as the time point for successful establishment of the thrombosis model[4][5][6][7][8][9]. .f12{ font-size: 12px
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} Induction of paw edema[5][6] Background κ-Carrageenan induces paw edema by promoting the release of pro-inflammatory factors, leading to localized inflammation. Specific Mmodeling Methods Rat: Wistar • male • 80–110 days old • 240-285 gAdministration: 0.1 mL • sc • single dose Note κ-Carrageenan is suspended in 0.5% Ringer's solution at a concentration of 1%. Modeling Indicators Phenotypic observation: Increased foot volume between the ankle joint and the tibiotarsal joint. Molecular changes: Neutrophil migration to the foot area of rats injected with κ-carrageenan, along with elevated expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors such as bradykinin, histamine, tachykinins, complement, and reactive oxygen species. Correlated Product(s): / Opposite Product(s): / .f12{ font-size: 12px
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} Induction of colitis[7][8] Background κ-Carrageenan induces the expression of pro-inflammatory factors by promoting interactions between intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells (macrophage-like THP-1 cells), thereby disrupting the integrity and function of the intestinal epithelial cells. κ-Carrageenan can also enhance the induction of colitis in mice by TNBS through the activation of the TLR4-NF-κB and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways. Specific Mmodeling Methods Mice: C57BL/6J • male and female • 20-25 g • 6-week-oldAdministration: 1.7, 8.3, 41.7 mg/kg • po • single dose Note κ-Carrageenan is dissolved in physiological saline. Modeling Indicators Phenotypic observation: Weight loss in mice, slight shortening and thickening of the distal colon, with colonic edema and hemorrhage. Damage to the surface of epithelial mucosal cells and disintegration of microvilli. Molecular changes: Significant upregulation of IL-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression, with a notable decrease in IL-10 expression. The enzymatic activity of SOD and GSH-px in the colonic mucosa is reduced, while the expression of TLR4, NF-κB, p-ERK, p-JNK, p-Jun, IL-8, and MDA is upregulated. Correlated Product(s): TNBS (2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid) Opposite Product(s): / .f12{ font-size: 12px
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} Induction of thrombosis[9] Background κ-Carrageenan induces thrombosis by causing localized vascular inflammation and endothelial cell damage through the release of inflammatory factors. Specific Mmodeling Methods Rat: Wistar • male • 150-160 g • 7-week-oldAdministration: 20 mg/kg • ip • single dose Note κ-Carrageenan is dissolved in physiological saline. Modeling Indicators Phenotypic observation: Swelling, redness, and thrombosis in the tails of rats. Coagulation parameter changes: In the tails of rats with thrombus formation, prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen (FIB) significantly increased, while thrombin time (TT) significantly decreased, as determined by classical coagulation testing methods. Correlated Product(s): / Opposite Product(s): Aspirin Eugenol Ester
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[1]. Sathuvan M, et al. κ-Carrageenan: An effective drug carrier to deliver curcumin in cancer cells and to induce apoptosis. Carbohydr Polym. 2017
160:184-193. [Content Brief]
[2]. Wu W, et al. κ-Carrageenan Enhances Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Interleukin-8 Secretion by Stimulating the Bcl10-NF-κB Pathway in HT-29 Cells and Aggravates C. freundii-Induced Inflammation in Mice. Mediators Inflamm. 2017
2017:8634865. [Content Brief]
[3]. Wei W, et al. Enhanced effect of κ-carrageenan on TNBS-induced inflammation in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2016
39:218-228. [Content Brief]
[4]. Wang J, et al. Pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, and subacute toxicity of oral carrageenan in mice. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 May
266(Pt 1):130725. [Content Brief]
[5]. Morris CJ. Carrageenan-induced paw edema in the rat and mouse. Methods Mol Biol. 2003
225:115-21. [Content Brief]
[6]. Ochoa-Amaya JE, et al. Dual effects of hyperprolactinemia on carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw edema in rats. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2011
18(4):245-53. [Content Brief]
[7]. Jiang HY, et al. κ-carrageenan induces the disruption of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 monolayers by promoting the interaction between intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells. Mol Med Rep. 2013 Dec
8(6):1635-42. [Content Brief]
[8]. Wei W, et al. Enhanced effect of κ-carrageenan on TNBS-induced inflammation in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2016 Oct
39:218-228. [Content Brief]
[9]. Ma N, et al. Preventive Effect of Aspirin Eugenol Ester on Thrombosis in κ-Carrageenan-Induced Rat Tail Thrombosis Model. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 20
10(7):e0133125. [Content Brief]
