Name | Formic acid |
Synonyms | Add-F Formira Bilorin Myrmicyl Mierenzuur Formisoton Formic acid Formic acids acidoformico Acido formico kwasmetaniowy acideformique Ameisensaeure Acide formique Collo-bueglatt methanoic acid Kwas metaniowy Kyselina mravenci acideformique(french) FormicacidAmeisensure Hydrogen carboxylic acid |
CAS | 64-18-6 |
EINECS | 200-579-1 |
InChI | InChI=1/CH2O2/c2-1-3/h1H,(H,2,3) |
InChIKey | BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Molecular Formula | CH2O2 |
Molar Mass | 46.03 |
Density | 1.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
Melting Point | 8.2-8.4 °C (lit.) |
Boling Point | 100-101 °C (lit.) |
Flash Point | 133°F |
JECFA Number | 79 |
Water Solubility | MISCIBLE |
Solubility | H2O: soluble1g/10 mL, clear, colorless |
Vapor Presure | 52 mm Hg ( 37 °C) |
Vapor Density | 1.03 (vs air) |
Appearance | Liquid |
Specific Gravity | 1.216 (20℃/20℃) |
Color | APHA: ≤15 |
Exposure Limit | TLV-TWA 5 ppm (~9 mg/m3) (ACGIH,MSHA, OSHA, and NIOSH); IDLH 100ppm (180 mg/m3) (NIOSH). |
Maximum wavelength(λmax) | ['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.03', , 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01'] |
Merck | 14,4241 |
BRN | 1209246 |
pKa | 3.75(at 20℃) |
PH | 3.47(1 mM solution);2.91(10 mM solution);2.38(100 mM solution); |
Storage Condition | 2-8°C |
Stability | Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and powdered metals, furfuryl alcohol. Combustible. Hygroscopic. Pressure may build up in tightly closed bottles,、 |
Sensitive | Hygroscopic |
Explosive Limit | 12-38%(V) |
Refractive Index | n20/D 1.377 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | Characteristics of Colorless fuming flammable liquid, with a strong pungent odor. melting point 8.4 ℃ boiling point 100.7 ℃ relative density 1.220 refractive index 1.3714 flash point 69 ℃ solubility: soluble in water, ethanol and ether, slightly soluble in benzene. |
Use | For the preparation of formate, formate, formamide, etc., but also in medicine, printing and dyeing, dyes, leather and other industries have a certain use |
Risk Codes | R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R34 - Causes burns R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R43 - May cause sensitization by skin contact R35 - Causes severe burns R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R10 - Flammable |
Safety Description | S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S23 - Do not breathe vapour. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. |
UN IDs | UN 1198 3/PG 3 |
WGK Germany | 2 |
RTECS | LP8925000 |
FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 10 |
TSCA | Yes |
HS Code | 29151100 |
Hazard Class | 8 |
Packing Group | II |
Toxicity | LD50 in mice (mg/kg): 1100 orally; 145 i.v. (Malorny) |
A colorless transparent fuming liquid with a strong pungent odor. It is a strong acid. It is miscible with water in any ratio and forms an azeotropic mixture above the boiling point of both. Miscible with many organic solvents, but insoluble in hydrocarbons. Flammable, in the long-term storage of 30 degrees Celsius, formic acid will occur slow decomposition, release of carbon monoxide. Its vapor and air to form an explosive mixture, fire, high heat caused by combustion explosion. Reactions with strong oxidants may occur. It has strong corrosion. Corrosion of aluminum, cast iron, steel, certain plastics, rubber and coatings.
The desulfurized and compressed carbon monoxide is passed into a reactor containing 20% ~ 30% sodium hydroxide solution and reacted at 160~200 ℃ and 1.4 ~ 1.6MPa to form sodium formate, then 76% formic acid-water azeotrope was obtained by treatment with dilute sulfuric acid, which can be further concentrated and refined.
formic acid and its aqueous solution can dissolve many metals, metal oxides, hydroxides and salts, and the resulting formate can be dissolved in water, so it can be used as a chemical cleaning agent. Formic acid can be used for cleaning equipment containing stainless steel materials. Formic acid has good volatility and is easily removed after cleaning, so it can be used for cleaning projects sensitive to residues. In the cleaning concentration, formic acid is non-toxic and harmless to human body, and the corrosion of metal is not as strong as that of inorganic acid, so it is a safe cleaning agent.
mice were injected orally and intravenously with LD50:1100 mg/kg, 145mg/kg. Inhalation of formic acid vapor can severely irritate the mucous membranes of the nose and mouth and cause inflammation. With strong corrosive, irritating, can cause human body burns. The concentration of formic acid in the workplace is allowed to be 5g/m3. When dealing with Concentrated formic acid, protection must be provided, eyes and skin contact with formic acid, should be immediately washed with water. Store in a cool, dry, ventilated place. Keep away from fire and heat source. Keep the container sealed. Should be stored separately from the oxidant, alkali.